Confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of corruption crimes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia



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OECD-Confiscation-of-Proceeds-of-Corruption-Crimes-ENG

Azerbaijan
, special confiscation can be applied both to natural and legal persons, however reference to 
criminally acquired money or property by a convicted person particularly can hinder effective application of 
this standard (Article 99-1 of the Criminal Code of Azerbaijan). 


59 
 
List of objects of special confiscation is rather limited under the legislation of 
Kyrgyzstan
, as it consists of 
convicted person’s property and (or) proceeds from it, equipment, instruments and other means used or 
intended to be used in any way upon crime; property of a convicted person transferred to other person, if that 
person knew or ought to have known that the property has been acquired as a result of criminal actions; 
proceeds of crime or any benefits of criminal proceeds received as a result of legalisation (laundering) of the 
proceeds of crime (Article 52 of the Criminal Code of Kyrgyzstan). Such definition does not include, for 
example, those cases, when property is controlled, but yet owned by the convicted person, and proceeds of 
crime are not received from legalisation (laundering) of the proceeds of crime. 
Some ACN countries do not legislatively limit the list of crimes, upon which special confiscation may be 
applied extending the application to any crime prohibited by criminal law (Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, 
Romania, Lithuania and other); a number of other ACN countries permit application of special confiscation 
only in the events of 
premeditated 
offences (Georgia, Estonia and other). 
In some countries, the conditions for application of special confiscation may yet be complicated. For 
example, in 
Ukraine
special confiscation is applied only to premeditated crimes punishable by imprisonment 
or penalty in the amount exceeding 3000 tax-free minimum wages of citizens, or for crimes vastly listed in 
part 1 of Article 96-2 of the Criminal Code, however, all corruption offences and money laundering are 
subject to such confiscation. 
Under the criminal law of 

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