Confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of corruption crimes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia



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OECD-Confiscation-of-Proceeds-of-Corruption-Crimes-ENG

Kyrgyzstan,
special confiscation is applied only to serious and particularly serious 
crimes, and therefore part of corruption offences does not fall within the scope of special confiscation regime. 
In 
Serbia
, the Law on Seizure and Confiscation of Proceeds from Crime expands the scope of confiscation 
to the list of crimes stipulated in Article 2 thereof, which includes some corruption offences, and only 
provided for the value of instruments and means or the proceeds from them to be more than 1.5 million 
dinars (Article 2). Under the law of 
Latvia
special confiscation of the proceeds of crimes (but not the 
instrumentalities of crimes) was, until 1 August 2017, applied based on Chapter 27 of the Criminal Procedure 
Code of Latvia and only in relation to the crimes, the list of which is established by Article 355 of the 
Criminal Procedure Code, which does not separately include corruption offences and money laundering. 
Proceeds from corruption and money laundering can therefore be confiscated based on the rules of Chapter 
27 of the Criminal Procedure Code only in the event if they fall within the scope of certain other categories 
of crimes, for example, organized crime. Such approach considerably reduced the efficiency of application 
of special confiscation under the legislation of Latvia. The special confiscation instrument was significantly 
improved in Latvia with the entry into force of the new provisions in the Criminal Code and the Criminal 
Procedure Code. 
In most cases, special criminal confiscation is based on person’s conviction upon the results of criminal 
proceedings. Accordingly, decision, based on which such confiscation can be applied, is a final court’s 
decision on the results of the proceeding legally entered into force; for ACN countries, where special 
confiscation is based only on the conviction – court’s judgment of conviction or similar decision on 
application of certain sanctions (for example, compulsory treatment or educational measures). Such countries 
include, for example, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Serbia, Kyrgyzstan and other. However, there are exceptions to 
the rule to be covered separately. 

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