Confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of corruption crimes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia



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OECD-Confiscation-of-Proceeds-of-Corruption-Crimes-ENG

 
her appearance before the court is not possible. Similar grounds are established in Article 246 of the Criminal 
Procedure Code of 
Lithuania
according to the law from 19 October 2017 (accused person is outside the 
country and there is no possibility to contact him or the host country refuses to cooperate); such procedure 
can be applied for corruption offences and money laundering, if they caused significant damage. Criminal 
confiscation can also be applied upon trial 
in absentia
, however, according to paragraph 2 of Article 437 of 
the Criminal Procedure Code of Lithuania, such sentence can be executed for the extent possible in absences 
of a convicted person prior to his or her arrest or extradition. 
Legislation of 
Romania
allows confiscation upon trial 
in absentia
both for corruption cases and money 
laundering. In accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 364 of the Criminal Procedure Code of 
Romania, court proceeding can be held in absence of the accused person, if the latter is not present, evading 
justice or changed his or her address without notice given to judicial authorities, and despite the attempts to 
find out his or her new address remains unknown, as well as in the events when he or she has been summoned 
to court in a lawful manner, however failed to appear without giving any justification. 
Possibility of the trial 
in absentia
particularly under the corruption cases and laundering of corruption assets 
with application of corresponding confiscation measures is also established by the legislation of Azerbaijan, 
Albania, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova and Russia. In aforementioned countries that allow trial 
in absentia
, legal 
representation of the accused person under such cases is mandatory. Trial 
in absentia
is not allowed under 
the legislation of Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. 
It should be noted that application of the confiscation measures upon absence of the accused person is 
possible both under a trial 
in absentia
with confiscation and upon the results of confiscation procedure 
in 
absentia
(under criminal special non-conviction-based confiscation that is described in the section above). 

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