Child Psychology and Psychiatry


Children bereaved by parent or sibling death



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066 Child Psychology and Psychiatry

93


Children bereaved by parent or sibling death
WHAT INFLUENCES CHILD OUTCOME?
Difficulties in obtaining representative samples of
bereaved children make it difficult to examine
systematically factors that moderate or mediate
their outcome.
Child morbidity is influenced by the age and
gender of the child. Younger children evidence
behavioural or anxiety problems, while adoles-
cents exhibit dysphoria or depression similar to
that found in bereaved adults. Generally, boys
exhibit higher rates of overall difficulties and act-
ing out/aggressive behaviours than girls, who are
more likely to show sleep disturbance, bedwetting
and depressive symptoms.
Familial factors contribute to both child mor-
bidity and resilience. Parents who report having
mental health difficulties post-bereavement are
more likely to have children with higher rates
of child disorder [5]. The converse appears true for
‘resilient’ children, whose parents have lower levels
of disorder than do those of affected children [4].
Child resilience is promoted by parental warmth,
authoritative parenting and consistent discipline
[4,15]. More recently, self-reports of interpersonal
loss and conflict, and greater fears of abandon-
ment have been linked to internalizing symptoms
in bereaved girls [16].
Pre-bereavement factors
predisposing to post-
bereavement child disturbance include mental
health difficulties, marital conflict or separation,
though this information rests on the retrospective
recall of distressed parents. Genetic factors
may influence child outcome in families where
members have pre-existing psychiatric disorders.

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