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hypoeutectoid steels after full annealing consists of proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite
(Fig. 9.10).
Process annealing, which is often referred to as a
stress relief
partially softens
cold-worked low-carbon steels by relieving internal stresses from cold working.
This treatment, which is usually applied to hypoeutectoid steels with less than 0.3
percent C
, is carried out at a temperature below the eutectoid temperature, usually
between 550°C and
650°C
Normalizing
is a heat treatment in which the steel is heated in the austenitic region and then cooled in still air. The
microstructure of thin sections of normalized
600
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