The Power of Your Metalearning Map
Everett’s case beautifully illustrates the power of using metalearning to learn
new things faster and more effectively. Being able to see how a subject
works, what kinds of skills and information must be mastered, and what
methods are available to do so more effectively is at the heart of success of
all ultralearning projects. Metalearning thus forms the map, showing you how
to get to your destination without getting lost.
To see why metalearning is so important, consider one study on the helpful
effects of already knowing a second language when learning a third.
4
The
study took place in Texas, where monolingual English speakers and bilingual
Spanish/English speakers were enrolled in a French class. Follow-up on
subsequent tests showed that the bilingual speakers outperformed the
monolingual students when learning a new language. On its own, this isn’t
terribly surprising. French and Spanish are both Romance languages, so there
are shared features of grammar and vocabulary that aren’t present in English
that could conceivably provide an advantage. More interesting, however, is
that even among the Spanish/English bilinguals, those who also took Spanish
classes ended up doing better when they later needed to learn French. The
reason seems to be that taking classes assists with helping form what the
study authors call
metalinguistic awareness
in a way that simply knowing a
language informally does not. The difference between the two types of
bilingual speakers mostly came down to metalearning: one group had content
knowledge of the language, but the group that took classes also had
knowledge about how information in a language is structured.
*
Nor is this idea about metalearning restricted to languages. Linguistic
examples are often easier to study because there’s a cleaner separation of
metalearning and regular learning. This is because the contents of unrelated
languages, such as vocabulary and grammar, are often quite different, even if
the metalearning structure is the same. Learning French vocabulary won’t
help you much with learning Chinese vocabulary, but understanding how
vocabulary acquisition works in French will likely also help with learning
Chinese. By the time my friend and I had reached the last country in our year
of learning languages, the process of immersing ourselves and learning a new
language from scratch was practically a routine. The words and grammar of
Korean may have been completely new, but the process of learning was
already well trodden. Metalearning exists in all subjects, but it can often be
harder to examine independently from regular learning.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |