to v u s h la rid a uchraydi.
Bolalarga to v u sh lar talaffuzining b uzilishi tovushlam i n u t q d a y o 'q l i g i ,
u l a m i b u z ib ta la ffu z etish va b ir-b iri b ila n alm ashtirish h o lla ri b i l a n
n a m o y o n b o l a d i .
B u h o l a t l a r n i n g h a r b irin i b a t a f s i l k o ‘rib c h i q a m i z . N u t q d a
to v u sh larn in g y o ‘qligi u lam in g s o ‘z n i n g b o s h id a (m asalan, r a n d a s o zi
0
‘rniga b o la "anda"), so ‘zning o 'r t a s i d a (tarv u z - "tavuz"), s o ‘z i n i n g
oxirida ( q o r - "qo") tushib qolishida ifodalanishi m u m k in .
T o v u s h la m i b u z ib ( n o to ‘g ‘ri) ta la f f u z etish sh u n d a i f o d a l a n a d i k i ,
b u n d a to v u sh la rn in g t o ‘g‘ri talaffuzi o ‘rn ig a , shu to vushga y a q in le k in
o n a tili fo n e tik a tiz im id a ifoda e t i l m a y d i g a n tovush ta la ffu z e t i l a d i .
M asalan, tish a r o sigmatizm, y o n s i g m a tiz m , valyar
r
( b u n d a til u c h i
tebranishi o ‘m ig a y u m sh o q tanglay t e b r a n a d i ) , uvilyar
r
( b u n d a til u c h i
o 'rn ig a kichik tilc h a tebranadi).
T o v u sh la r tiln in g fonetik tizim ida m a v ju d b o ‘lgan b o sh q a t o v u s h l a r g a
alm ashtirilishi m u m k in . U lar q u y id a g ic h a n a m o y o n bo'lishi m u m k i n :
1) hosil b o 'lis h usuliga ko‘ra o ‘x s h a s h , artikulatsiya o 'r n i g a k o ‘ra
farq qiladigan to v u s h la m i alm ashtirish, m a s a la n , portlovchi til o r q a
k
va
g, portlovchi til oldi / va d to v u sh la ri ( m a s a l a n , kitob so ‘zi o 'r n i g a " tit o b " ,
gul so ‘zi
0
‘rniga "d u l”);
2) hosil b o ‘lish o ‘m iga ko‘ra o ‘x sh ash , hosil b o ‘lish u su lig a k o ra
farq qiladigan to v u sh la m i alm ashtirish, m a s a la n , sirg'aluvchi til o l d i .9
tovushi, p ortlovchi til oldi
t
tovushi b ila n (soat o 'rn ig a "toat");
3) hosil b o 'lis h usuliga k o 'ra o 'x s h a s h va artikulatsiya o r g a n l a r i n i n g
ishtirokiga k o ‘ra farq qiladigan t o v u s h l a m i a lm ash tirish , m a s a l a n , 5
tovushi, lab-tish a ’zolari ishtirokida hosil b o ‘ladigan /'tovushi bilan ( s u m k a
so*zi o 'rn ig a "fu m k a”);
4) hosil b o ‘lish usuli va o 'rn ig a k o ‘ra o ‘xshash, ovoz is h tiro k ig a k o ‘ra
farq q ila d ig a n to v u s h l a m i a l m a s h tir is h , m a s a la n , ja r a n g li t o v u s h l a r
jarangsiz to v u sh lar bilan almashtiriladi (bola - "pola", p aypoq - " b a y b o q " ,
zina - "sina", gul - "kul").
Buzilgan tovushlarning soniga q a ra b dislaliya yana oddiy va m u r a k k a b
turlarga b o 'lin a d i. Agarda to ‘rtta t o v u s h talaffuzida k am c h ilik boM sa,
oddiy dislaliya, a g a r b eshta va u n d a n o r tiq to v u sh talaffuzida k a m c h i l i k
b o ‘lsa, bu — m u ra k k a b dislaliya d e b ataladi.
Agar b ir fo n e tik gruppaga kiruvchi to v u s h la r talaffuzida k a m c h i l i k l a r
b o ‘lsa ( m a s a la n , sirg‘aluvchi
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