O‘zbekiston davlat jahon tillari universiteti

Compression in translation:
Compression is shrinking of size in speech. Sometimes the interpreter will have to make smaller his translation considerably, choosing and reproducing the most critical parts of the original and taking away redundant points. The lexical compression means the use of some words to convey the same idea. Our research displayed that more difficult verbose semantic word groups of the Uzbek language may be substituted by some words in its English translation: Бу киши ўзини ёмон эканлигини ва салбий сифатга эга эканлигини тан олди ва ўз айбига иқрор бўлди.-This man was self-confessed. Lexical compression is to express the ideas with a few words: In particular, attention should be given to the use of appropriate and or intermediate technology wherever possible- Керакли ва ўртача технологияга эътибор қаратилиши керак. Semantic compression is the use of pronouns instead of notional words: Tom and John went to the garden.- Улар боққа кетишди. The syntactic compression results from the choice of a shorter and simpler construction than that used in the original. 1) breaking a complex sentence with involved clause structure into several simple sentences: I saw the beautiful place where then I remembered how I had spent the days with my girlfriend there- Мен жуда чиройли жойни кўрдим.-Кейин қиз ўртоғим билан у ерда ўтказган кунларим ёдимга тушди. 2) substitution of participial constructions by nouns or noun phrases: A piece of electric equipment used for cutting into very small pieces- майдалагич ёки гўшт майдалайдиган. 3) substituting an abbreviation for a country or an organization: The United States of America-АҚШ.
The bypass of maneuver. Many phrases of English are constructed in such a way that it is not possible to translate them into Uzbek in direct sequence. To start translating and having reached a difficult place, stop or return to the beginning of the phrase and we cannot try to translate it differently in a simultaneous interpretation. As simultaneous interpreters say: our translation should be smooth and without seams. We must translate correctly, logically and clearly the first time. If English phrase which a place is difficult for us then we skip this place and go further to the end of the phrase. And when we have just finished translating the rest part of the sentence and then we will translate this difficult place. In this case, we usually create a separate second phrase in Uzbek.
Example: A huge solar eruption can plunge a third of this nation into screen-blanking, traffic-clogging, unrefrigerated darkness. The difficult place here is “screen-blanking, traffic-clogging, unrefrigerated”. We skip it and translate the rest first: A huge solar eruption can plunge a third of this nation into darkness.- Қуёш тизимидаги битта кучли портлаши туфайли мамлакатнинг учдан бир қисми зулмат остида қолиб кетади. Now, in order not to omit anything in translation, we will create a separate phrase from what we have bypassed: Computers, refrigerators will stop working, congestion will occur on the streets.-Компьютерлар ва музлатгичлар ишлашдан тўхтайди, кўчаларда тирбандлик юзага келади. In this example, the phrase consists of two semantic parts, the main idea and the illustration to it. If the speaker speaks slowly or not very quickly, we can use the bypass of maneuver. If the speaker speaks too fast, then we will translate the main idea in short: Қуёш тизимидаги битта кучли портлаши туфайли мамлакатнинг учдан бир қисми электр чироғсиз қолишади. For this it is necessary, first of all, to get rid of the habit of translating one phrase with one phrase and in direct sequence. Another example: Today Turkey continues its 40,000 strong troop occupation of a large part of the Republic of Cyprus. A difficult place here is the “40,000 strong troop”. Therefore, we first translate the rest and we will skip this place: Today Turkey continues its occupation of a large part of the Republic of Cyprus. - Туркия давлати Кипр Республикасининг деярли катта ҳудудини эгаллашни давом этмоқда. Where we have bypassed, we make a separate phrase: There are 40,000 Turkish soldiers there.- У ерда 40 000 та турк жангчилари бор. This exercise’s main task is to create two separate semantic parts from one English phrase transferring of two or even three Uzbek phrases.