Non-finite forms of the verb

Coming – kelayotgan, kelib Come – kelgan Having come – kelib, kelgach

2. Ikki xil sifatdosh bor: a) The Participle I (V₄) a writing boy – yozayotgan bola
b) The Participle II (V₃) a written letter – yozilgan xat
3. Sifatdoshlik xususiyatiga ega bo’lgan sifatdoshlar quyidagilar:
The Participle I, The Participle II.

A reading boy – o’qiyotgan bola
A running dog – yugurayotga kuchuk
A broken cup – singan piyola
A told story – aytilgan

4. Ravishlik xususiyatiga ega sifatdoshlar: thinking – o’ylab, reading – o’qib.
He is sitting in the armchair thinking. U kresloda o’ylab o’tiribdi.
She is sitting at the table reading a book. U stolda kitob o’qib o’tiribdi.
5. Fe’llik xususiyatiga ega sifatdoshlar o’zidan keyin to’ldiruvchi oladi:
Writing the letter I sent it at once. Xatni yozib darxol jo’natdim.
SIFATDOSHLARNING ISHLATILISHI
1. The Present Participle (writing - yozayotgan): Hozirgi zamon sifatdoshi aynan hozir davom etayotgan ish-harakat, holatlarni ifodalaydi. Who, which (kimki, qaysiki) bog’lovchilari bilan bog’langan ergashgan qo’shma gaplarni soda gapga aylantirishda hozirgi zamon sifatdoshi ishlatiladi:
The boy is my brother. He is sitting in the garden. Ana u bola mening ukam. U bog’da o’tiribdi.
The boy who is sitting in the garden is my brother. Bog’da o’tirgan bola mening ukamdir.
The boy sitting in the garden is my brother. Bog’da o’tirgan bola mening ukamdir.
2. The Present Participle (writing - yozayotgan): Hozirgi zamon sifatdoshi while (paytida), when (qachon) bog’lovchilari bilan ishlatilib Payt holi bo’lib keladi:
While reading the newspaper I tore it. Gazetani o’qiyotganimda uni yirtib qo’ydim.
When going home I met her. Uyga borayotganimda uni uchratdim.
3. (The Present Participle): Hozirgi zamon sifatdoshi gapda sabab holi ham bo’lib keladi. Ularni sabab ergash gaplar bilan almashtirish mumkin.
Knowing English well, I can translate English texts without a dictionary. = As I know English well, I can translate English texts without a dictionary. Ingliz tilini yaxshi bilganligim sababli matnlarni lug’atsiz tarjima qila olaman.
4. (Perfect Participle Active) Tugallangan zamon sifatdoshi gapda sabab holi bo’lib keladi va kesimda ifodalangan ish-harakatdan oldin sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi: Having lived in London for many years he knew English very well. = As he had lived in London for many years he knew English very well. Ko’p yillar Londonda yashaganligi sababli u inglizchani yaxshi bilardi.
5. Gapda to’ldiruvchi vazifasida kelgan otdan keyin majhullikni ifodalovchi sifatdosh keladi: I’m eating the cakes which were cooked by my mother = I’m eating the cakes cooked by my mother. Men onam tomonidan pishirilgan piroglarni yeyapman. I am reading the letter written by my friend (the letter which was written).