Non-finite forms of the verb

Active
Passive
Simple Perfect	Reading – o’qish Having read – o’qib bo’lish	Being read – o’qitilish Having been read – o’qitilib bo’lish

I enjoy reading. Men o’qishdan rohatlanaman.
I enjoy having read. O’qib bo’lishdan rohatlanaman.
I enjoy being read. Men o’qitilishdan rohatlanaman.
I enjoy having been read. Men o’qitilib bo’lishdan rohatlanaman.
3. Gerund bilan ifodalangan ish-harakat gapning egasiga tegishli bo’lsa Active Gerund ishlatiladi:
Ex:He likes inviting his friends to his house. U do’stlarini uyga taklif qilishni yaxshi ko’radi. Agar Gerund orqali ifodalangan ish-harakat kimdir tomonidan bajarilayotgan bo’lsa Passive gerund ishlatiladi: He likes being invited by his friends. U do’stlari tomonidan taklif qilinishni yoqtiradi.
4. Gapning kesimidagi ish-harakat bilan bir paytda va kelasi zamonda sodir bo’ladigan ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun Simple Gerund ishlatiladi:
Ex:I am surprised at watching this film. Men bu filmni tomosha qilib ajablanayabman.
We think of going there in the summer. Biz u yerga yozda borishni o’ylayabmiz.
Gerundning predloglardan keyin kelishi
1. Predlog talab qiluvchi ko’pgina fe’l, sifat, sifatdosh va otlardan keyin Gerund ishlatiladi va gapda predlogli vositali to’ldiruvchi bo’lib keladi:
Preposition + Gerund

Advantages of - afzalligi
Apologise for – uzr so’ramoq
Approve of – tasdiqlamoq
Decide against – qaror qilmoq
Disapprove of – tasdiqlamaslik
Dream of – orzu qilmoq