Non-bank financial institutions: assessment of their impact on the stability of the financial system


Capital held to meet the CCP’s regulatory capital requirement and the CCP’s dedicated own



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Capital held to meet the CCP’s regulatory capital requirement and the CCP’s dedicated own 
resources are invested in cash and in financial instruments. Similarly collateral provided by 
3
http://www.eba.europa.eu/cebs/media/aboutus/News%20and%20Communications/EBA-DP-2012-01--Draft-discussion-paper-on-RTS-
on-Article-12-3-EMIR-.pdf 


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│ 
Regulatory overview 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
39 
 
clearing members in the form of cash is invested in financial instruments or deposited through 
highly secure arrangements with authorised financial institutions or central banks
. [LE emphasis] 
Collateral provided by clearing members in the form of financial instruments is deposited with 
operators of securities settlement systems or through highly secure arrangements with authorised 
financial institutions. The introduction of these capital requirements will also ensure that the risks 
inherent in these activities (investment or others) are monitored and adequately capitalised. 
Our discussions showed that the structure that exists in the EU today, and is being enhanced, is 
based on a stand-alone analysis of each of the dozen CCPs rather than the aggregate of the system. 
The US system is fundamentally different as there is only one CCP and it is user-owned and directed, 
rather than a commercial entity. We were informed that the stress tests that CCPs apply to 
themselves simulate the failure of two clearing members. But this does not seem sufficient to tackle 
the interconnectedness that is now being concentrated to an ever greater extent. Each of the dozen 
CCPs in the global system will become inter-operable with some of the others. They share as clearing 
members many of the G16 dealer group that is responsible for over 80% of global OTC derivatives 
trades. However, most of those G16 will also be G-SIFIs so the chances of failure should be remote.
However, the entire thrust of regulatory action on banks is to ensure that if there is a failure, then it 
will not fall on taxpayers to bail them out. Indeed, DG Markt has just put out for consultation a non-
paper on the “debt write-down tool” to enable creditors of EU banks to incur losses even before 
liquidation. There seems little reason to expect CCPs deposits (or holdings of “financial instruments” 
issued by such firms) to be exempted. 

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