Newsademic British English edition 260

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N obel Peace Prize winners, the fo u r m em bers o f the Tunisian N ational Dialogue Q uartet
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The winner o f the 2015 Nobel Peace 
Prize was announced on 9th October. 
The prize was awarded to a group o f four 
people known as the Tunisian National 
Dialogue Quartet. The officials who 
award the prize said that the group had 
helped to establish a democratic system 
o f government in Tunisia. W hat the quar­
tet did, they explained, prevented street 
violence between different political and 
religious groups, and a possible civil war.
Each year the Nobel Peace Prize is 
given to the person, people or organi­
sation that is thought to have made the 
greatest contribution to world peace. 
Other important Nobel prizes are award­
ed around the same time. These are given 
to people who are judged to have made 
the greatest contributions to medicine, 
literature, chemistry, and physics. In 
1968 economics was added as another 
field, or discipline, for which an annual
Nobel Prize is awarded. People who win 
Nobel Prizes are called ‘laureates’.
The first Nobel Prizes were awarded 
in 1901. They were the idea o f a Swed­
ish chemist called Alfred Nobel (1833 -
1896). As well as the Nobel Prizes he is 
best known for inventing dynamite. N o­
bel became a very wealthy businessman. 
Before he died, he arranged for some of 
his fortune to pay for the prizes that were 
named after him.
There is a story that explains why Al­
fred Nobel decided to create these prizes. 
In 1888 his brother died. Soon afterwards 
an obituary was printed in a French news­
paper. However, the newspaper made 
an error. It wrote an obituary for Alfred 
Nobel and not his brother. This meant 
that Alfred was able to read it. The obitu­
ary criticised Alfred for making a large 
amount o f money from explosives. These 
explosives, the newspaper added, were