National Development Strategy Croatia 2030: Roadmap for a Better Future


The global outlook represents a benign but fragile scenario given ongoing headwinds, with risks remain-



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21aRoadmapCroatia2030

The global outlook represents a benign but fragile scenario given ongoing headwinds, with risks remain-
ing tilted to the downside despite a recent reduction in the threat of protectionism.
The near-term growth 
outlook reflects a benign baseline given slowing growth in advanced economies, subdued global trade, and 
moderating commodity prices. More generally, a deeper global downturn could result if global trade tensions 
re-emerge, policy uncertainty persists and becomes entrenched, or activity in major economies deteriorates 
significantly. Additionally, the global recovery precariously hinges on a pickup of growth in a small number of 
large EMDEs, some of which are tentatively emerging from deep recessions or severe slowdowns. Other risks 
include financial stress in large EMDEs, heightened geopolitical tensions, or a higher incidence of extreme 
weather events. Meanwhile, growth in Europe remains vulnerable to disruption in the United Kingdom’s exit 
from the European Union, the future program of EU structural funds, and renewed involvement in conflicts in 
Libya, the Syrian Arab Republic, or Ukraine. Against the backdrop of a fragile outlook, many economies are 
not adequately prepared to confront negative shocks. In advanced economies, the weakness of the current ex-
pansion has made it difficult for central banks to create room for additional easing, while fiscal space in EMDEs 
has narrowed amid record-high debt levels and eroded policy buffers.
A number of structural trends affect the context in which European countries develop.
1
In what follows, 
we comment on the specific relevance for Croatia of five structural issues recognized in EU policy. 
(i) The demographic and health trends of the EU
. These combine “the demographic extremes of very high life 
expectancy and very low fertility”.
2
By 2050 Europe is likely to have twice as many people over the age of 65 
dependent on the working population as there are today (the dependency ratio is expected to rise from 32.2 
percent in 2016 to 55.3 percent in 2050). This trend will only get worse if not addressed through increased 
fertility, higher labor participation and significant in-migration. This is accompanied by longer life expectancy, 
especially in the more recent member states as their GDP rises, and is expected to impose a heavy burden on 
public finances and on the working population. 

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