Namangan Davlat Universiteti Bioteznologiya fakulteti

Kurs ishi
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Namangan Davlat Universiteti Bioteznologiya fakulteti
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G'aybullayev Jasurbek
Bioinformatika
Genetiklar ma'lum bir genning xromosomadagi joylashuvini tasvirlash uchun xaritalardan foydalanadilar. Xaritaning bir turi genning joylashishini tasvirlash uchun sitogenetik joylashuvdan foydalanadi. Sitogenetik joylashuv xromosomalar ma'lum kimyoviy moddalar bilan bo'yalganida hosil bo'lgan tasmalarning o'ziga xos naqshiga asoslanadi. Xaritaning yana bir turi molekulyar joylashuvdan foydalanadi, bu genning xromosomadagi holatini aniq tavsiflaydi. Molekulyar joylashuv xromosomani tashkil etuvchi DNK qurilish bloklari (nukleotidlar) ketma-ketligiga asoslanadi.

Genlarning genomjdagi lokatsiyalari
Genlarning genomjdagi lokatsiyalari
Prokariotlar genlari
E.Coli bakteriyasi genomlari
70%
70%
70%
Kirish
Mavzu yuzsidan qisqacha tushunchalar
Molekulyar joylashuv
58%
2003-yilda yakunlangan “Inson genomi loyihasi” xalqaro tadqiqot harakati har bir inson xromosomasi uchun nukleotidlar ketma-ketligini aniqladi. Ushbu ketma-ketlik ma'lumotlari tadqiqotchilarga ko'plab genlar uchun sitogenetik joylashuvdan ko'ra aniqroq manzilni taqdim etishga imkon beradi. Genning molekulyar manzili bu genning nukleotidlar nuqtai nazaridan joylashishini aniq ko'rsatadi. Bu genning xromosomadagi aniq pozitsiyasini tavsiflaydi va gen hajmin
Genetikachilar genning sitogenetik joylashuvini tavsiflashning standartlashtirilgan usulidan foydalanadilar. Ko'pgina hollarda, joylashuv bo'yalgan xromosomadagi ma'lum bir bandning holatini tavsiflaydi,
Genni topish mumkin bo'lgan xromosoma. Genning joylashishini tavsiflash uchun ishlatiladigan birinchi raqam yoki harf xromosomani ifodalaydiGenning p yoki q qo'lidagi holati. Genning joylashuvi xromosoma ma'lum bir tarzda bo'yalganida paydo bo'ladi
Sitogenetik joylashuv
Yo
58%
32%
10%
Bu genning xromosomadagi aniq pozitsiyasini tavsiflaydi va gen hajmini ko'rsatadi. Molekulyar joylashuvni bilish tadqiqotchilarga genning bir xil xromosomadagi boshqa genlardan qanchalik uzoqligini aniqlash imkonini beradi.
Turli tadqiqotchilar guruhlari ko'pincha genning molekulyar joylashuvi uchun biroz boshqacha qiymatlarni taqdim etadilar. Tadqiqotchilar inson genomining ketma-ketligini turli usullardan foydalangan holda sharhlaydilar, bu esa genning molekulyar manzilida kichik farqlarga olib kelishi mumkin. 
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