o ‘z farazlarini aytish taklif etiladi. U la r o ld in g i darsdan m ole-
kulalarning o ‘zaro t a ’sirini bilganlariga asosan kuzatilgan h o -
disan in g m ohiyati h aq id a t o ‘g ‘ri xulosaga keladilar. S h u n d a n
keyin m avzu beriladi va e k s p e rim e n t d a v o m ettiriladi. Suvli
idishni shisha p lastinka suv sirtid an uzilib chiqib k e tg u n c h a
p a s tg a t u s h ir a m i z . 0 ‘q u v c h i l a r u z ilg a n s h is h a p la s tin k a
hoMlanganini k o ‘radilar va u n g a a h a m iy a t beradilar. S h u n g a
asosan h o ‘llash m asalasi k o ‘rib chiqiladi.
S u y u q l i k tu r l i s h a k l d a g i , le k i n a s o s l a r in i n g
yuzi b i r
xil boM gan i d i s h la r g a b i r xil b a l a n d l i k d a q u y i l s a , u n i n g
b e r a d i g a n b o s i m i q a n d a y b o ‘lish in i o l d i n d a n a y tib b e
rish s o ‘ra lsa u l a r a d a s h a d i l a r , y a ’ni k a t t a id is h d a s u y u q lik
k o ‘p b o ‘lgani u c h u n u n i n g b o s i m i k a t t a boM adi, d e g a n
f ik rn i b e r a d i l a r . T a jr i b a q i l i n g a n d a b o s im h a m m a s i d a b ir
xil ( h a t t o k ic h ik id is h d a h a m ) boM adi, b u u la r g a t u s h u n -
t i r ib b o M m a y d ig a n d a y t u y u l a d i . M u a m m o l i
v a z iy a t hosil
q ilin d i.
E le k tro m a g n it h o d isalarn i o ‘rg a n ish d a Ersted tajribasini
k o 'r s a tib , m ag n it strelkasining b u n d a y hulqini q a n d a y t u -
sh u n tiris h m u m k in , degan savolni q o ‘yib m u a m m o li vaziy
at hosil qilam iz. 0 ‘q u v c h ila r t o k n in g m agnit t a ’siri haqidagi
b ilim larini faollashtiradilar. O 'q it u v c h i m ag n it m a y d o n tu -
s h u n c h a s in i kiritib, m u a m m o n i hal qiladi.
O ld in tajribani k o ‘rsatib, m u a m m o n i q o ‘yish yuqori sinf-
larda h a m katta ah a m iy a tg a egadir. M asa la n , kich k in a sole-
n o i d n in g
kattasini ichiga kiritib, u lard a n bir xil yoMialishda
t o k o ' t k a z a m i z . K e y i n b i r i d a g i t o k n i n g y o ' n a l i s h i n i
o 'z g a rtirsa k , kichik solen o id kattasin in g ich id an otilib c h i
qib aylanib (180° ga) oladi va yan a katta solenoid ichiga kira
di. M u a m m o l i vaziyat hosil boMdi. Buni t u s h u n tir is h g a
o ‘q u v c h ila r n in g quyi sinfda o lgan to k n in g m ag n it m ay d o n i
haqidagi bilim lari yetarli boM masada unga asosan vaziyatni
tahlil qilib, m a g n itn in g o ‘za ro t a ’sirini c h u q u r r o q o 'rg a n ish
lozim ligini tu s h u n ad ilar.
0 ‘q u v c h ila r teb ra n ish va m ajburiy te b ra n ish la r bilan ta-
n is h g a n la rid a n keyin a v to te b r a n ish n i o 't is h d a n oldin quyi-
dagicha m u a m m o li vaziyat hosil qilamiz. Shtativga 1 kg m as-
75
sali toshni prujina y or
damida ilamiz (3-rasm).
U n in g tagiga universal
t r a n s f o r m a t o r n in g bir
g ‘altagini o ‘zagi
bilan
(220 V) q o ‘y am iz. U
to s h d a n 1—2 sm p ast-
d a b o ‘ladi. I k k i n c h i
shtativga p o ‘lat c h iz -
g ‘ich m a h k a m l a b , uni
3-rasm.
toshga tegizib q o ‘yamiz.
Q u r i l m a n i t o k m a n -
b aig a ulasak, to sh a v to te b ra n is h hosil qiladi. U n i n g t e b ra -
n ish davri 1.2 s. L a m p o c h k a te b ra n u v c h i sistem aga energiya
berila y o tg a n in i k o ‘rsatib tu ra d i ( y o n i b - o ‘chib). T e b r a n is h
a m p litu d a s i to k k u c h ig a b o g ‘liq b o ‘lib, u ni reostat y o r d a m i
da o ‘zgartiriladi. 0 ‘q u v c h ila r d a n b u q a n d a y t e b r a n m a h a
ra k a t qilayotgani s o ‘ra lg a n d a, u la r uni
erkin t e b r a n m a h a -
rakatga h a m majburiyga h am o ‘xshata olmaydilar. M u a m m o li
vaziyat hosil b o ‘ldi. 0 ‘q u v c h ila r a v to te b r a n is h n in g e rk in va
m a jb u riy te b r a n i s h d a n farqini aniqlaydilar. M u a m m o n i n g
b u n d a y tahlili a v to te b r a n ish tu s h u n c h a s in i kiritishga va
u n in g xususiyatlarini o ‘rganishga olib keladi.
0 ‘q u v chilarga b ir n e c h a d a r s d a n keyin hal qilin a d ig a n
o ‘quv m u a m m o s i tajrib a o rq a li o l d i n d a n q o ‘yilishi h a m
m u m k in . M asa la n: e le k tr m a y d o n in i o 'r g a n is h v a q tid a q u
yidagi tajribani k o ‘rsatib, m u a m m o q o ‘yish m u m k in .
Ikkita p la stin k a n i vertikal j o y la s h -
tirib oralarini 8— 10 sm qilib q o 'y a m iz .
O ra sig a
i p g a
o silgan stol t e n n i s i
s h a r c h a s i n i tu s h i r a m i z . P la s t in k a la r
z a r y a d l a n s a , s h a r c h a y a q i n r o q d a g i
p la s tin k a g a to rtila d i ( 4 - r a s m ) .
A gar
s h a r c h a n i g r a fit ( q a l a m n i k i ) b i l a n
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®
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b o ‘yasak, u p l a s tin k a la r o r a s id a te b -
ra n a d i. U n i o 'tk a z g ic h va d ie le k t r ik -
lar e le k tr m a y d o n id a m av zu la rin i o ‘t-
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