N., and Bakry, N. M. (2006)

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: FATE.

ISSN: 0013-273X

Descriptors: degradation
Descriptors: water
Descriptors: ozonation
Descriptors: products
Descriptors: drinking water
Descriptors: pesticides
Descriptors: byproducts
Descriptors: biodegradation
Descriptors: water analysis
Descriptors: organophosphorus compounds
Abstract: Primary degradation products of organophosphorous pesticides by ozonation in water and oxidation pathways of diazinon, fenthion (MPP) and edifenphos (EDDP) were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mass-spectra of ozonation products of the 17 organophosphorous pesticides evaluated suggested that they were oxons. Organophosphorous pesticides were converted to oxons in accordance with production of sulfate ion as their thiophosphorile bonds were oxidized by ozone into phosphorile bonds. Although oxons were stable against ozonation, they were further hydrolyzed into trialkyl phosphate and other hydrolysis products. However, in MPP, thiomethyl radicals were oxidized prior the thiophosphorile bonds and MPP-sulfoxide was produced. MPP-sulfone, MPP-sulfoxide-oxon and MPP-sulfone-oxon were also generated from MPP.
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Classification: X 24136 Environmental impact
Classification: P 2000 FRESHWATER POLLUTION
Classification: SW 3010 Identification of pollutants
Classification: X 24120 Food, additives & contaminants
Subfile: Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts

Ohayo-Mitoko, G. J. A. and Deneer, J. W. (1993). Lethal Body Burdens of Four Organophorus Pesticides in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Sci.Total Environ.(Suppl.) 559-565.

EcoReference No.: 4349

Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,AZ,PRN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).

Okpodu, Camellia Moses (1999). Characterization of a nuclear phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase in carrot suspension culture cells. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 37: 473-480.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: IN VITRO.

CDTA, trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N&prime/ ,N&prime/ -tetraacetic acid hydrate/ LPI, lysophosphatidylinositol/ LPIP, lysophosphatidylinositol monophosphate/ NBD-PA, (1-acyl-2-N-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol)-aminocaproyl phosphatidic acid/ NBD-PC, (1-acyl-2-N-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol)-aminocaproyl phosphatidylcholine/ PA, phosphatidic acid/ PI, phosphatidylinositol/ PIP, phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate/ PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate/ PLA2, phospholipase A2/ PolyPI, polyphosphoinositides/ PS, phosphatidylserine

OKUMURA, D., MELNICOE, R., JACKSON, T., DREFS, C., MADDY, K., and WELLS, J. (1991). PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD CROPS ANALYZED BY THE CALIFORNIA USA DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN 1989. WARE, G. W. (ED.). REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL. 118. IX+158P. SPRINGER-VERLAG NEW YORK INC.: NEW YORK, NEW YORK, USA; BERLIN, GERMANY. ILLUS. ISBN 0-387-97447-4; ISBN 3-540-97447-4.; 0 (0). 1991. 87-152.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM REVIEW ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION TOXICOLOGY Legislation/ Organization and Administration/ Biology/ Biochemistry/ Food Additives/Poisoning/ Food Additives/Toxicity/ Food Contamination/ Food Poisoning/ Food Preservatives/Poisoning/ Food Preservatives/Toxicity/ Air Pollution/ Soil Pollutants/ Water Pollution/ Plants/Growth & Development/ Soil/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Arachnida/ Entomology/Economics/ Insecticides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Plants

Olson, D. L. and Christensen, G. M. (1980). Effects of Water Pollutants on Other Chemicals on Fish Acetylcholinesterase (in vitro). Environ.Res. 21: 327-335.
Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 52835
Chemical of Concern: As,Se,DZ Rejection Code: IN VITRO.

Omann G. M., Harter J. M., Burger J. M., and Hinshaw D. B. (1994). H2O2-Induced Increases in Cellular F-Actin Occur without Increases in Actin Nucleation Activity. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 308: 407-412.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

Previous work has shown that H2O2 causes an increase in polymerized actin (F-actin) inside cells. To test the hypothesis that increased polymerization resulted from a mechanism involving increased actin nucleation activity, we employed methods utilizing pyrene-labeled actin to quantify the actin nucleation activity of cell lysates and N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) (NBD)-phallacidin binding assays to quantify the amount of F-actin in P388D1 cells. H2O2 increased polymerized actin (NBD-phallacidin assay) in a dose-dependent manner with an effective dose giving 50% response (ED50) [asymp] 1 mM. Five millimolar H2O2 caused a 1.6-fold increase in NBD-phallacidin staining. In contrast, actin nucleation activity decreased in a dose-dependent manner with a similar ED50. Five millimolar H2O2 caused a 30-40% decrease in actin nucleation activity. The effect was rapid, occurring within 5 min of H2O2 addition. The results indicate that H2O2 causes cytoskeletal changes that enhance NBD-phallacidin binding without increasing actin nucleation activity. Fractionation studies showed that the nucleation activity in H2O2-treated cells and controls sedimented with the Triton X-100-insoluble cytoskeleton, and the cytosolic fraction appeared to contain an inhibitor of actin polymerization.

Oomen, P. A., Jobsen, J. A., Romeijn, G., and Wiegers, G. L. (1994). Side-Effects of 107 Pesticides on the Whitefly Parasitoid Encarsia formosa, Studies and Evaluated According to EPPO Guideline No. 142. Bull.OEPP 24: 89-107.
Chem Codes : User Define 2: REPS,WASHT,CALFT,CORE,SENT,NA
Chemical of Concern: SZ,CBL,DZ,ES,HCCH,PRN Rejection Code: NO DURATION.

Oomen, P. A., Jobsen, J. A., Romeijn, G., and Wiegers, G. L. (1994). Side-Effects of 107 Pesticides on the Whitefly Parasitoid Encarsia formosa, Studies and Evaluated According to EPPO Guideline No. 142. Bull.OEPP 24: 89-107.

Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: SZ,CBL,DZ,ES,HCCH,PRN,CQTC Rejection Code: NO DURATION.

Orisakwe, O. E. and Obi, N. (1993). In vitro and in vivo adsorption studies of diazinon. Human & Experimental Toxicology [HUM. EXP. TOXICOL.]. Vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 301-303. 1993.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: FATE.

ISSN: 0144-5952

Descriptors: absorption
Descriptors: in vitro
Descriptors: in vivo
Descriptors: insecticides
Abstract: The in vitro and in vivo adsorption of diazinon to two brands of activated charcoal and locally produced carbon black (N220) has been studied. Solutions of diazinon 10, 20 and 40 mu g/ml were prepared in distilled water and different quantities of adsorbent added. Diazinon-adsorbent slurries were vortex mixed, centrifuged and analysed for free diazinon spectrophotometrically at 241 nm. Small quantities of activated charcoal (AC) and carbon black (CB) showed little or no adsorption of diazinon, while 1000 mg of either AC or CB was able to take up more than 70% at all concentrations of diazinon tested. In acute toxicity tests in mice the optimal adsorbent: diazinon ratio was 8:1 when the animals were treated with 45 mg kg super(-1) diazinon after immediate, 1, and 3 h post administration of the adsorbent.
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Classification: X 24133 Metabolism
Subfile: Toxicology Abstracts

OSBORNE BG, BARRETT GM, LAAL-KHOSHAB, A., and WILLIS KH (1989). THE OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN UK HOME-GROWN AND IMPORTED WHEAT. PESTIC SCI; 27 103-109.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: FATE.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM CARBAMATES ORGANOCHLORINES ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES UREA HERBICIDE ANILIDES CARBENDAZIM AGRICULTURE CROP INDUSTRY FUMIGANTS BROMIDE GAMMA HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE FOOD TOXICOLOGY 1 2 DIBROMOETHANE CARBON TETRACHLORIDE UK Biochemistry/ Food Additives/Poisoning/ Food Additives/Toxicity/ Food Contamination/ Food Poisoning/ Food Preservatives/Poisoning/ Food Preservatives/Toxicity/ Biophysics/ Plants/Physiology/ Plants/Metabolism/ Cereals/ Plants/Growth & Development/ Soil/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Grasses

Ostlie, K. R. (1992). Insecticide Performance Against First-Generation European Corn Borer-Liquids vs Granules, 1991. In: A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed.), Insecticide and Acaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.of Am., Lanham, MD 215-216.

EcoReference No.: 79800

Chemical of Concern: BFT,MP,CBF,CYF,FNF,CPY,EFV,DZ,CBL,PMR,LCYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(BFT,CYF,EFV),OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(DZ).

Osuna, I., Lopez, D., Galindo, J. G., and Riva, M. C. (1997). Toxicological Evaluation of Methyl Parathion, Methyl Azinfos, Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, and Methamidophos to the Shrimps from Genus Penaeus Sp (Evaluacion Toxicologica de Metil Paration, Metil Azinfos, Clorpirifos, Diazinon, y Metamidofos, en Camarones del Genero Penaeus Sp). Bol.INTEXTER Inst.Invest.Text.Coop.Ind. 111: 65-71.

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 73450
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY,AZ,MP,MTM Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.

OTT WR and ROBERTS JW (1998). EVERYDAY EXPOSURE TO TOXIC POLLUTANTS. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN; 278 86-91.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM JOURNAL ARTICLE TOXIC POLLUTANTS PUBLIC HEALTH POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS INDOOR AIR QUALITY EXPOSURE REDUCTION USA NORTH AMERICA Climate/ Ecology/ Meteorological Factors/ Biochemistry/ Poisoning/ Animals, Laboratory/ Public Health Administration/ Statistics/ Air Pollution/ Soil Pollutants/ Water Pollution

Ozawa, Shuji, Itoh, Akira, Oshima, Koichiro, and Nozaki, Hitosi (1979). Stereochemical studies on the nucleophilic substitution in the reaction of allyl phosphates with organoaluminium reagents. Tetrahedron Letters 20: 2909-2912.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

The reaction of cis- or trans-5-isopropenyl-2-methyl-2-cyclohexenyl diethyl phosphate (I) with Me2AlX (X = OPh, SPh, NHPh) in hexane results in substitution of the -O-PO(OEt)2 group with X under predominant inversion. The solvent effects on the stereochemistry in these reactions have been disclosed.

Padilla, S., Sung, H. J., and Moser, V. C. (2004). Further assessment of an in vitro screen that may help identify organophosphorus pesticides that are more acutely toxic to the young. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues [J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, A: Curr. Iss.]. Vol. 67, no. 18, pp. 1477-1489. 24 Sep 2004.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: IN VITRO.

ISSN: 1528-7394

Descriptors: Diazinon
Descriptors: Detoxification
Descriptors: Pesticides (organophosphorus)
Descriptors: Pesticides
Descriptors: Liver
Descriptors: Metabolites
Descriptors: Carboxylesterase
Descriptors: Malathion
Descriptors: Chlorpyrifos
Descriptors: Parathion
Descriptors: Paraoxon
Descriptors: methamidophos
Descriptors: Cholinesterase
Abstract: Some, but not all, organophosphorus pesticides are more acutely toxic to the young as compared to adults. We have developed an in vitro assay that measures the detoxification potential (via carboxylesterase and A-esterases) of tissues. Previous results using this in vitro screen correlated with the marked in vivo sensitivity of the young to chlorpyrifos and also correlated with the equal sensitivity of the young and adult to methamidophos. We have now extended these observations to two other pesticides that have already been shown in the literature to be more toxic to the young: parathion (paraoxon) and malathion (malaoxon). In our in vitro assay, liver or plasma from 7-d-old rats were much less efficacious than adult tissues at detoxification of the active metabolites of these two pesticides. Using our in vitro assay we also tested the active metabolite of diazinon, diazoxon, and again found that young liver or plasma possessed much less detoxification capability than adult tissues. From these results, we predicted that young animals would be more sensitive to diazinon, which, in fact, was the case: When postnatal day (PND) 17 or adult rats were given a dosage of 75 mg/kg diazinon, adult brain cholinesterase (ChE) was only inhibited 38%, while the brain ChE in the PND 17 animals showed much more inhibition (75%). We conclude that our in vitro screen may prove to be a useful, quick, convenient test for identifying which organophosphorus pesticides may be more acutely toxic to the young as compared to adults.
DOI: 10.1080/15287390490483836
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Classification: X 24221 Toxicity testing
Classification: X 24133 Metabolism
Subfile: Toxicology Abstracts

Palmer, J. S. (1978). Toxicologic Evaluation of Microencapsulated Formulation of Dizinon Applied Dermally to Cattle. Am.J.Vet.Res. 39: 1231-1232.

EcoReference No.: 38238

Chemical of Concern: DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT CONTROL(DZ),NO COC(NCTN).

Palmer-Jones, T. (1958). Laboratory Methods for Measuring the Toxicity of Pesticides to Honey Bees. N.Z.J.Agric.Res. 1: 290-300.

EcoReference No.: 71070

Chemical of Concern: TXP,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: TARGET(DZ).

Palmgren, M. S. and Lee, T. C. (1984). Malathion and diazinon levels in grain dust from New Orleans area grain elevators. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal [AM. IND. HYG. ASSOC. J.]. Vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 168-171. 1984.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.

ISSN: 0002-8894

Descriptors: grain
Descriptors: dust
Descriptors: insecticides
Descriptors: malathion
Descriptors: diazinon
Descriptors: organophosphorus compounds
Abstract: Insecticides applied to grain may be present in dust generated during grain handling and could expose workers to high insecticide concentrations, or be fed to animals in the form of pelleted grain dust. Residual levels of two organophosphate insecticides, malathion and diazinon, were measured in 31 samples of grain dust collected from six terminal grain elevators along the Mississippi River in the New Orleans area. Mean recoveries of both malathion and diazinon from spiked samples ranged from 83 to 92% at levels of 1 to 50 mu g/g of dust. Samples of grain dust from the elevators contained 0.17 to 32 mu g of malathion/g of dust, but diazinon was not detectable at the 0.01 mu g/g limit of detection.
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Classification: X 24132 Chronic exposure
Classification: P 6000 TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH
Classification: H SE5.20 INSECTICIDES
Classification: P 0000 AIR POLLUTION
Classification: H SE3.20 AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY
Classification: H SE4.20 POISONS AND POISONING
Classification: H SE2.20 CROP CONTAMINATION
Subfile: Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts

Pan, D. Y. and Liang, X. M. (1993). Safety Study of Pesticides on Bog Frog, a Predatory Natural Enemy of Pest in Paddy Field. J.Hunan Agricult.Coll. 19: 47-54 (CHI) (ENG ABS).

EcoReference No.: 16056

Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,CaPS,CBF,CPY,CTN,DMT,DZ,HCCH,MLN,MLT,MP,MTM,PMT,TBC,DM,EFV,BPZ,FPP,OMT,NaPCP,Zn; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO FOREIGN.

Pan, G. and Dutta, H. (2000). Diazinon Induced Changes in the Serum Proteins of Large Mouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 64: 287-293.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: NO DURATION.

PAPADOPOULOU-MOURKIDOU, E. and PATSIAS, J. (1996). Development of a semi-automated high-performance liquid chromatographic-diode array detection system for screening pesticides at trace levels in aquatic systems of the Axios River basin. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A; 726 99-113.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. A semi-automated HPLC-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) system associated with an on-line sample enrichment device was developed for the analysis of a wide range of pesticides in water samples of the Axios River basin. The system was optimized with respect to the analytical column, the on-line trace enrichment device, the mobile-phase composition and gradient duration, the sample volume and pH, and the chromatographic profile of the background dissolved organic material. The system developed was applied for the tentative identification and quantitation of 46 target analytes including parent pesticides and major conversion products in field water samples. The limit of detection (LOD) for the majority of the compounds was in the range 0.10-0.02 mug/l level; the LOD for three target analytes, the aliphatic carbamate esters aldicarb sulfone, oxamyl and methomyl, was in the range of 1.0-0.5 mug/l. In addition, stability studies of all analytes in field water samples stored ei Ecology/ Fresh Water/ Minerals/Analysis/ Minerals/ Biophysics/Methods

Paraoanu, L. E., Mocko, J. B., Becker-Roeck, M., Smidek-Huhn, J., and Layer, P. G. (2006). Exposure to Diazinon Alters In Vitro Retinogenesis: Retinospheroid Morphology, Development of Chicken Retinal Cell Types, and Gene Expression. Toxicological Sciences [Toxicol. Sci.]. Vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 314-324. Jan 2006.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: IN VITRO.

ISSN: 1096-6080

Descriptors: Diazinon
Descriptors: Acetylcholinesterase
Descriptors: Nervous system
Descriptors: Embryos
Descriptors: Photoreceptors
Descriptors: Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic)
Descriptors: Apoptosis
Descriptors: radial glial cells
Descriptors: Pesticides (organophosphorus)
Descriptors: Cholinesterase
Descriptors: Retinogenesis
Descriptors: Retina
Abstract: Developing embryos are more vulnerable than adults to acute cholinergic intoxication by anticholinesterases, including organophosphorus pesticides. These agents affect the process of neural development itself, leading to permanent deficits in the architecture of the nervous system. Recent evidence on direct roles of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on neuronal differentiation provides additional grounds for investigating the developmental toxicity of anticholinesterases. Therefore, the effect of the organophosphate diazinon on the development of chick retinal differentiation was studied by an in vitro reaggregate approach. Reaggregated spheres from dissociated retinal cells of the E6 chick embryo were produced in rotation culture. During the whole culture period of 10 days, experimental cultures were supplemented with different concentrations of the pesticide, from 20 to 120 mu M diazinon. The pesticide-treated spheres were reduced in size, and their outer surface was irregular. More importantly, inner structural distortions could be easily traced because the structure of control spheroids can be well characterized by a histotypical arrangement of laminar parts homologous to the normal retina. Acetylcholinesterase activity in diazinon-treated spheres was reduced when compared with controls. As a dramatic effect of exposure to the pesticide, inner plexiform layer (IPL)-like areas in spheroids were not distinguishable anymore. Similarly, photoreceptor rosettes and Mueller radial glia were strongly decreased, whereas apoptosis was stimulated. The expression of transcripts for choline-acetyltransferase and muscarinic receptors was affected, revealing an effect of diazinon on the cholinergic system. This further proves the significance of cholinesterases and the cholinergic system for proper nervous system development and shows that further studies of debilitating diazinon actions on development are necessary.
Publisher: Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:[e-mail]], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/]
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Classification: X 24135 Biochemistry
Subfile: CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts

Paris, D. F., Lewis, D. L., Barnett, J. T. Jr., and Baughman, G. L. (1975). Microbial Degradation and Accumulation of Pesticides in Aquatic Systems. EPA-660/3-75-007, U.S.EPA, Corvallis, OR 46 p.

EcoReference No.: 78294

Chemical of Concern: ATZ,PRN,DZ,Captan,CBL,MLN,24DXY,TXP,MXC; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS) .

Paris, D. F., Lewis, D. L., Barnett, J. T. Jr, and Baughman, G. L. (1975). Microbial degradation and accumulation of pesticides in aquatic systems.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: FATE.

Descriptors: Pesticides

Descriptors: Chemical pollutants
Descriptors: Microorganisms
Descriptors: Biodegradation
Descriptors: Bioaccumulation
Descriptors: Schizomycetes
Descriptors: Fungi
Descriptors: Algae
Abstract: The microbial degradation and sorption of carbamyl, malathion, butoxyethy1 ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-DBE), methoxychlor, atrazine, diazinon, captan, parathion, and toxaphene were investigated. Malathion and 2,4-DBE underwent transformation readily in both bacterial and fungal cultures. Degradation of malathion and 2,4-DBE at low concs in batch cultures of bacteria followed 2nd-order kinetics as predicted by the Michaelis-Menten theory. A single isomer, {beta}-monoacid of malathion, was the primary metabolite in transformation of malathion by both bacterial and fungal populations. The major metabolite found in 2,4-DBE studies was 2,4-D. Carbaryl underwent chemical hydrolysis to {alpha}-naphthol in both heterogeneous bacterial cultures and uninoculated controls. Rapid and extensive sorption of pesticides to fungi, bacteria, and algae was observed with methoxychlor and toxaphene, but not with any of the other pesticides investigated. Captan underwent neither microbial degradation nor sorption because of its rapid hydrolysis in water.
Enquiries to NO. Records keyed from 1976 ASFA printed journals.
Other numbers: EPA--660/3-75-007
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Report
Environmental Regime: Marine; Freshwater
Classification: Q5 01504 Effects on organisms
Classification: Q5 01505 Prevention and control
Subfile: ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality

Park, Hee-Sae, Kim, In Soo, and Park, Jeen-Woo ( 1999). Phosphorylation Induces Conformational Changes in the Leukocyte NADPH Oxidase Subunit p47phox. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 259: 38-42.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

The leukocyte NADPH oxidase of neutrophils is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to [figure] at the expense of NADPH. The enzyme is dormant in resting neutrophils but becomes active when the cells are exposed to appropriate stimuli. During oxidase activation, the highly basic cytosolic oxidase component p47phoxbecomes phosphorylated on several serines and migrates to the plasma membrane. We report here that phosphorylation of p47phoxwith protein kinase C induces conformational changes, as reflected by a fluorescence change of N,N′-di-methyl-N(iodoacetyl)-N′-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) ethyleneamine (IANBD)-labeled p47phox. We propose that this alteration in conformation results in the appearance of a binding site through which p47phoxinteracts with cytochrome b558during the activation process. In addition, the present study indicates that other oxidase components, such as p67phoxand p22phox, influence the conformation of p47phox.