N., and Bakry, N. M. (2006)

EcoReference No.: 15192

Chemical of Concern: ATZ,Captan,CBL,CTN,DBN,DMB,DMT,DU,DZ,HCCH,LNR,MLN,MP,PMT,PSM,SZ,24DXY,MCPB,NaPCP,PPZ,ZIRAM,PRN,MP,MLN,ETN,DDT,DLD,MCPA,Zn; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO FOREIGN.

Nishiuchi, Y. and Yoshida, K. (1972). Toxicities of Pesticides to Some Fresh Water Snails. Bull.Agric.Chem.Insp.Stn. 12: 86-92 (JPN) (ENG ABS) (ENG TRANSL) (Author Communication Used).

EcoReference No.: 9158

Chemical of Concern: AMTR,AND,CBL,CTN,CuOH,CuS,CZE,DCF,DDT,DDVP,DEM,DINO,DMT,DOD,DZ,EN,ES,ETN,FNT,Folpet,HCCH,MDT,MOM,MP,NPH,PAQT,PCP,PEB,PHMD,PHSL,PPN,PRN,PYN,RTN,TBC,TCF,TDE,TFN,Zineb,Ziram,Zn; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY,GRO; Rejection Code: NO FOREIGN,CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).

Nishiyama, Kozaburo, Oba, Makoto, and Watanabe, Akio (1987). Reactions of trimethylsilyl azide with aldehydes: facile and convenient syntheses of diazides, tetrazoles, and nitriles. Tetrahedron 43: 693-700.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

The reactions of trimethylsilyl azide (TMSA) with various aldehydes were found to be versatile procedures for the synthesis of gem- and 1,3-diazides, tetrazoles, and nitriles, whose formation was varied by controlling the quantities of TMSA, catalyst, and the reaction conditions.

Nishizawa, T. (1999). Major Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Their Control in Japany. Agrochem.Jpn. 74: 2-9.
Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 77649
Chemical of Concern: CLP,CBF,DZ Rejection Code: REVIEW.

Noblet, J. A., Smith, L. A., and Suffet, I. H. (1994). Site-Specific Abiotic Hydrolysis And Sediment-Water Partitioning Of Pesticides In Agricultural Drainage Water Vs. Laboratory Water. 207: Envr 215.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: SZ, CHLOR Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.

biosis copyright: biol abs. rrm meeting abstract meeting poster diazinon methyl parathion chlorpyrifos atrazine simazine pollution analytical method general biology-symposia, transactions and proceedings of conferences, congresses, revie/ methods, materials and apparatus, general-laboratory methods/ ecology/ environmental biology-general/ methods/ ecology/ environmental biology-limnology/ biochemistry-physiological water studies (1970- )/ biochemical methods-general/ biochemical studies-general/ public health: environmental health-air, water and soil pollution/ pest control, general/ pesticides/ herbicides

Noblet, J. A., Smith, L. A., and Suffet, I. M. (1996). Influence of natural dissolved organic matter, temperature, and mixing on the abiotic hydrolysis of triazine and organophosphate pesticides. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44 : 3685-3693.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: SZ Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.

ABSTRACT: BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Abiotic hydrolysis of simazine, atrazine, diazinon, methylparathion, and chlorpyrifos was studied in three different natural waters and buffered Milli-Q water. The triazines showed no detectable decrease in concentration in any of the waters over 43 days at pH 8.0 and 40ê C. The rates of hydrolysis for diazinon and methylparathion were statistically similar in all waters tested. Chlorpyrifos exhibited a 32% decrease in hydrolysis rate in the presence of a high concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) (34.5 mg dissolved organic carbon). The activation energies are larger, and thus the predicted hydrolysis rates are significantly slower than those previously reported. The effect of continuous vigorous mixing on hydrolysis rates was investigated and found to have only a minor effect. The results suggest that uncatalyzed abiotic hydrolysis is very slow for these compounds at the temperatures and pH's typical of most natural waters and affirm the need for a greater

KEYWORDS: Biochemical Studies-General
KEYWORDS: External Effects-Temperature as a Primary Variable (1971- )
KEYWORDS: Pest Control

NOBLET JA, SMITH LA, and SUFFET IM (1996). Influence of natural dissolved organic matter, temperature, and mixing on the abiotic hydrolysis of triazine and organophosphate pesticides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY; 44 3685-3693.

Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: FATE.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Abiotic hydrolysis of simazine, atrazine, diazinon, methylparathion, and chlorpyrifos was studied in three different natural waters and buffered Milli-Q water. The triazines showed no detectable decrease in concentration in any of the waters over 43 days at pH 8.0 and 40ę C. The rates of hydrolysis for diazinon and methylparathion were statistically similar in all waters tested. Chlorpyrifos exhibited a 32% decrease in hydrolysis rate in the presence of a high concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) (34.5 mg dissolved organic carbon). The activation energies are larger, and thus the predicted hydrolysis rates are significantly slower than those previously reported. The effect of continuous vigorous mixing on hydrolysis rates was investigated and found to have only a minor effect. The results suggest that uncatalyzed abiotic hydrolysis is very slow for these compounds at the temperatures and pH's typical of most natural waters and affirm the need for a greater Biochemistry/ Temperature/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides

Noguchi, Ari, Furuno, Tadahide, Kawaura, Chiyo, and Nakanishi, Mamoru (1998). Membrane fusion plays an important role in gene transfection mediated by cationic liposomes. FEBS Letters 433: 169-173.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

By confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) we have studied the membrane fusion between cationic liposomes and the endosome membranes involved in gene transfection mediated by cationic liposomes. Antisense oligonucleotides were transferred by cationic liposomes with a cationic cholesterol derivative, cholesteryl-3[beta]-carboxyamidoethylenedimethylamine (I). Cationic liposomes were made by a mixture of the derivative I and DOPE. The intracellular distribution of fluorescein-conjugated antisense oligonucleotides (phosphorothioate) was studied by CLSM. The images showed that the antisense oligonucleotides were preferentially transferred into the nucleus of target cells (NIH3T3, COS-7 and HeLa cells) by the liposomes with derivative I. However, their transfection was completely blocked by nigericin which was able to dissipate the pH gradient across the endosome membranes, although the liposome/DNA complex was found in the cytoplasm of the target cells. This was quite in contrast with the fluorescence images of the target cells treated with wortmannin, an inhibitor of endocytosis. The results suggest that at least two steps are effective for gene transfection mediated by the cationic liposomes with cationic cholesterol derivatives. One is the endocytosis of the liposome/DNA complex into the target cells and the other is the removal of antisense oligonucleotides (plasmid DNAs) from the complex in the endosomes. The latter step was preferentially preceded by the membrane fusion between the cationic liposomes and the endosome membranes at around pH 5.0. Gene transfection/ Cationic liposome/ Membrane fusion/ Antisense oligonucleotide/ Confocal laser scanning microscopy/ Fluorescence resonance energy transfer/ Nigericin

Nohara, S., Hanazato, T., and Iwakuma, T. (1997). Pesticide residue flux from rainwater into Lake Nakanuma in the rainy season. Japanese Journal of Limnology 58 : 385-393.
Chem Codes: MLT Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.

ABSTRACT: BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Pesticide residues in rainwater were investigated for the estimation of pesticide flux into a lake in Ibaraki Prefecture during the 1990 rainy season. The maximum concentration of oxiadiazon in the rainwater was 4.2mug l-1. The maximum concentrations of fenobucarb, fenitrothion and edifenphos in the rainwater were 0.58, 0.53 and 0.36mug l-1, respectively. The annual ratio of fenitrothion redeposition by rainfall was estimated at 1.5% of the total shipping amount in Ibaraki Prefecture. There was no significant difference between redepositions of pesticides by rainfall and shipping amounts in the prefecture (a = 0.05). Pesticide residues in lake water were investigated in Lake Nakanuma, Ibaraki Prefecture, from March to December 1990. The concentrations of molinate, simetryn, iprobenfos, and thiobencarb in irrigation canal water were in the high range ( > 1.2mug l-1). The concentrations of diazinon, malathion, and fenthion in the water were at a lower level ( < 0.2mug

KEYWORDS: Ecology
KEYWORDS: Public Health: Environmental Health-Air

NOHARA, S., HANAZATO, T., and IWAKUMA, T. (1997). Pesticide residue flux from rainwater into Lake Nakanuma in the rainy season. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF LIMNOLOGY; 58 385-393.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: FATE.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Pesticide residues in rainwater were investigated for the estimation of pesticide flux into a lake in Ibaraki Prefecture during the 1990 rainy season. The maximum concentration of oxiadiazon in the rainwater was 4.2mug l-1. The maximum concentrations of fenobucarb, fenitrothion and edifenphos in the rainwater were 0.58, 0.53 and 0.36mug l-1, respectively. The annual ratio of fenitrothion redeposition by rainfall was estimated at 1.5% of the total shipping amount in Ibaraki Prefecture. There was no significant difference between redepositions of pesticides by rainfall and shipping amounts in the prefecture (a = 0.05). Pesticide residues in lake water were investigated in Lake Nakanuma, Ibaraki Prefecture, from March to December 1990. The concentrations of molinate, simetryn, iprobenfos, and thiobencarb in irrigation canal water were in the high range ( > 1.2mug l-1). The concentrations of diazinon, malathion, and fenthion in the water were at a lower level ( < 0.2mug Ecology/ Air Pollution/ Soil Pollutants/ Water Pollution

Nohara, Seiichi and Iwakuma, Toshio (1996). Pesticide residues in water and an aquatic plant, Nelumbo nucifera, in a river mouth at Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. Chemosphere 33: 1409-1416.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: SURVEY, MIXTURE.

Pesticide residues in water and an aquatic plant, Nelumbo nucifera, were investigated near a river mouth in Edosakiiri Bay, Lake Kasumigaura, from April to December, 1986. The maximum concentrations of fenobucarb, diazinon, iprobenfos and simetryn in the water were 1.6, 1.1, 24, and 2.4 [mu]g 1-1, respectively. We detected simetryn with peak width at half height for one month, and diazinon with that for two months. The seasonal changes in simetryn concentration in N. nucifera were similar to those in the water. The simetryn residue concentration was highest in the lamina (300 [mu]g kg-1) among the various plant organs. The residue and bioconcentration factor 6.0 in June for simetryn were lower than the reported values for aquatic plants.

Nohara, Seiichi and Iwakuma, Toshio (1996). Residual pesticides and their toxicity to freshwater shrimp in the littoral and pelagic zones of Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. Chemosphere 33: 1417-1424.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: MIXTURE.

Pesticide residues in water and their toxicity to the freshwater shrimp (Paratya compressa improvisa) were studied in a river mouth in Takahamairi Bay, Lake Kasumigaura, from April to July in 1987. Concentrations of fenthion, diazinon and fenobucarb in water of the littoral zone were lower than that in the pelagic zone. The maximum concentrations of fenthion, diazinon, iprobenfos and simetryn in water were 1.9, 0.8, 6.5, and 1.1 [mu]g 1-1, respectively. The 4-day mortality of the freshwater shrimp increased in lake water at Takahamairi Bay, reaching 50% at maximum in May. The mortality was probably due to residual insectside fenthion.

Nomeir, Amin A., Hajjar, Nicolas P., Hodgson, Ernest, and Dauterman, Walter C. (1980). In vitro metabolism of EPN and EPNO in susceptible and resistant strains of house flies. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 13: 112-120.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METABOLISM.

EPN is twice as toxic as EPNO to house flies from both the Diazinon-resistant strain and the susceptible strain. EPN and EPNO are also eight times more toxic to the susceptible than the resistant strain. This is due to the ability of the resistant strain to metabolize these compounds to a greater extent. Metabolism by the glutathione S-transferases present in the 100,000g supernatant is more extensive than that by the NADPH-dependent microsomal mixed-function oxidases. The glutathione S-transferases are the major route of metabolism for EPN and appear to be the principal mechanism conferring resistance. EPN was metabolized by the microsomal fraction via oxidative desulfuration to the oxygen analog, EPNO, and by oxidative dearylation to p-nitrophenol. EPNO was metabolized by the same system to p-nitrophenol and desethyl EPNO as well as to an unknown metabolite. The soluble fraction metabolized EPN to p-nitrophenol, S-(p-nitrophenyl)glutathione, O-ethyl phenylphosphonothioic acid, and S-(O-ethyl phenylphosphonothionyl)glutathione. The identification of the latter conjugate demonstrates a new type of metabolite of organophosphorus compounds. EPNO was metabolized by the soluble fraction to p-nitrophenol and S-(p-nitrophenyl)glutathione.

Norberg-King, T., Lukasewcyz, M., and Jenson, J. (1989). Results of Diazinon Levels in POTW Effluents in the United States. Tech.Rep.14-89, National Effluent Toxicity Assessment Center, Sept.1989, U.S.EPA, Duluth, MN 19 p.
Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 45851
Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.

Norgaard, Marida J. and Montgomery, M. W. (1968). Some esterases of the PEA (Pisum sativum L.). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Enzymology 151: 587-596.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.

1. 1.Water-extractable estarases of the pea (Pisum sativum L.) have a pH optimum of 7. Acetyl, propionyl and n-butyryl esters of phenol, sodium 2-naphthol-6- sulfonate and glycerol were hydrolyzed by an aqueous extract of the pea. Hexyl, octyl, decyl and hexadecyl esters of sodium 2-naphthol-6-sulfonate, triolein, and acetyl- propionyl- and n-butyrylcholine were not hydrolyzed or hydrolyzed slowly, which suggests the absence of lipases and cholinesterases.2. 2.Pea esterases showed the greatest activity toward the phenyl and propionyl esters.3. 3.Selective inhibition of the pea esterases by diethyl p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate (parathion), tetraethyl pyrophosphate and DFP, at concentrations ranging from 10-1 M, revealed the presence of at least 6 esterases in an aqueous extract of peas. 5 of these esterases were classified as carboxylesterases (carboxylicester hyrolase, EC 3.1.1.1).

Norland, R. L., Mulla, M. S., Pelsue, F. W., and Ikeshoji, T. (1974). Conventional and New Insecticides for the Control of Chironomid Midges. Proc.Ann.Conf.Calif.Mosq.Control Assoc. 42: 181-183.

EcoReference No.: 5817

Chemical of Concern: AZM,HCCH,DZ,MLN,EIN,AZ,MOM,BRSM,RSM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(MOM),NO CONTROL(DZ,BRSM,RSM).

Norman, Brenda J., Vaughn, William K., and Neal, Robert A. (1973). Studies of the mechanisms of metabolism of diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate (parathion) by rabbit liver microsomes. Biochemical Pharmacology 22: 1091-1101.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METABOLISM.

Based on the protein content of microsomes, the administration of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and phenobarbital (PB) to adult rabbits leads to an increased rate of metabolism of parathion (diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate) by rough-surfaced and whole microsomes but not by smooth-surfaced microsomes. Although prior administration of both PB and 3-MC increased the cytochrome P-450 content of the microsomes, when the rate of metabolism of parathion was calculated on the basis of the concentration of cytochrome P-450 in these microsomes, there is no difference in the rate of metabolism of parathion by rough-surfaced and smooth-surfaced microsomes from the untreated, 3-MC-treated and PB-treated animals. However, based on the cytochrome P-450 concentration, the rate of metabolism of parathion by whole microsomes from 3-MC and PB-treated animals is less than the rate with whole microsomes from untreated animals. Further studies have shown there is no correlation between the concentration of high spin or low spin cytochrome P-450 in any of the microsomal fractions or subfractions and the rate of metabolism of parathion to paraoxon or diethyl phosphorothionate.

O'Brien, R. D. (1963). Organophosphates and Carbamates. In: R.M.Hochster and J.H.Quastel (Eds.), Metabolic Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Treatise, Volume II, Acad.Press Inc., New York, NY 205-241.
Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 73081
Chemical of Concern: DZ,PRN,DMT,MLN Rejection Code: REVIEW.

O'Brien, R. D., Hetnarski, B., Tripathi, R. K., and Hart, G. J. (1974). Recent Studies on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition. In: G.K.Kohn (Ed.), ACS Symp.Ser.No.2, Mechanism of Pesticide Action, Am.Chem.Soc., Washington, D.C. 1-13.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: REVIEW.

O'Kelley, J. C. and Deason, T. R. (1976). Degradation of Pesticides by Algae. EPA-600/3-76-022, U.S.EPA, Athens, GA 41 p.(U.S.NTIS PB-251933) (Publ As 7429 and 7442).

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 7876
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,DZ Rejection Code: FATE.

O'Neill, D. K. and Hebden, S. P (1966). Sheep dips. I. Mixtures of lime S and organic phosphorus compounds. Australian Vet. J. 42 207-13.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CaPS Rejection Code: FATE.

Stability and effectiveness over 11 days of dipping fluids contg. lime S and an org. P compd. were studied in use and in vitro. Lime S (initial concn. 1% polysulfide S) remained virtually unchanged. Coumaphos (0.024%), diazinon (I) (0.011%), and fenchlorphos (0.022%) were largely hydrolyzed by the alk. soln. (pH 10.4-11.4), but carbophenothion (\"trithion,\" 0.024%) was relatively stable. I was lethal to lice, Damalinia ovis, at 5 ppm., the others at between 5 and 50 ppm., and the residual solns. after 11 days still contained lethal concns. of all compds. [on SciFinder (R)] Copyright: Copyright 2005 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Database: CAPLUS
Accession Number: AN 1966:468576
Chemical Abstracts Number: CAN 65:68576
Section Code: 72
Section Title: Pesticides
Document Type: Journal
Language: written in English.

Oehlke, Johannes, Beyermann, Michael, Wiesner, Burkhard, Melzig, Mathias, Berger, Hartmut, Krause, Eberhard, and Bienert, Michael (1997). Evidence for extensive and non-specific translocation of oligopeptides across plasma membranes of mammalian cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1330: 50-60.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

After exposure of bovine aortic endothelial cells to various small peptides (tetra- to undeca-mer), extensive transport of the peptides across the plasma membrane was observed in the concentration range 10-7 to 10-2 M. The observed transport events, which contradict the generally anticipated poor permeability of peptides across plasma membranes, exhibited high complexity and showed no saturability up to a concentration of 10-2 M. Evidence was found for the involvement of mdrp-like transporters as well as of energy-independent facilitated diffusion events. The peptide levels within the cells approximated those of the incubation solution within 30 min, indicating high capacity and velocity for the involved transport processes. Correspondingly, preloaded cells exported about 80% of the internalized peptide within 5 min at 37[deg]C. Analogous results were found after peptide exposure to several other mammalian cell types, indicating a more general importance of the transport phenomena described here. Our findings contradict the prevailing opinion that the often observed lack of activity of externally administered peptides against their targets within intact cells is accounted for primarily by poor cellular uptake and point to export processes counteracting the uptake to be more important in this context. Peptide transport/ Cellular uptake/ Mammalian cell

Ogutcu, Ayse, Uzunhisarcikli, Meltem, Kalender, Suna, Durak, Dilek, Bayrakdar, Fatma, and Kalender, Yusuf ( The effects of organophosphate insecticide diazinon on malondialdehyde levels and myocardial cells in rat heart tissue and protective role of vitamin E. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology In Press, Corrected Proof.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.

Diazinon is an organophosphate insecticide has been used in agriculture and domestic for several years. Vitamin E (200 mg/kg, twice a week), diazinon (10 mg/kg, per day), and vitamin E (200 mg/kg, twice a week)+diazinon (10 mg/kg, per day) combination was given to rats orally via gavage for 7 weeks. Body and heart weights, malondialdehyde (MDA) level in heart tissue and ultrastructural changes in myocardial cells were investigated at the end of the 1st, 4th, and 7th weeks comparatively with control group. When diazinon-treated group was compared to control group body and heart weights were decreased significantly at the end of the 4th and 7th weeks. It was observed that, at the end of 1st, 4th, and 7th weeks there was a statistically significant increase in MDA levels when diazinon- and vitamin E +diazinon-treated groups were compared to control group. While at the end of the 1st week statistically significant changes were not being observed, at the end of 4th and 7th weeks statistically significant decrease was detected in MDA levels when vitamin E+diazinon-treated group was compared to diazinon-treated group. In our electron microscopic investigations, while vacuolization and swelling of mitochondria myocardial cells of diazinon-treated rats were being observed, swelling of several mitochondria were observed in vitamin E+diazinon-treated rats. We conclude that vitamin E reduces diazinon cardiotoxicity, but vitamin E does not protect completely. Organophosphate insecticides/ Diazinon/ Vitamin E/ Cardiotoxicity/ Malondialdehyde/ Electron microscopy

Oh, Ki-Bong and Matsuoka, Hideaki (2002). Rapid viability assessment of yeast cells using vital staining with 2-NBDG, a fluorescent derivative of glucose. International Journal of Food Microbiology 76: 47-53.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: YEAST.

A fluorescent glucose analogue, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy--glucose (2-NBDG), which had been developed previously for the analysis of glucose uptake activity by living cells, was investigated to evaluate its applicability for assaying the viability of yeasts. Fluorescence intensities of the yeast population were measured by fluorescence spectrophotometry upon exposure to antifungal agents after staining with 2-NBDG and were compared to the number of colony forming units (CFU). A good correlation was obtained between the yeast viability, determined by the CFU, and the accumulation of 2-NBDG by yeast cells (correlation constant: r=0.98). Susceptibility testing of amphotericin B and miconazole against yeast strains by plate count and 2-NBDG fluorescence method yielded corresponding results. In conclusion, we found that staining with 2-NBDG is a rapid and sensitive method for the assessment of yeast cell viability. Glucose fluorescent derivative/ Yeast/ Viability/ Rapid methods

Ohashi, N., Tsuchiya, Y., Sasano, H., and Hamada, A. (1994). Ozonation products of organophosphorous pesticides in water. Japanese Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health [JAP. J. TOXICOL. ENVIRON. HEALTH]. Vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 185-192. 1994.