N., and Bakry, N. M. (2006)

Sapozhnikova, Yelena, Bawardi, Ola, and Schlenk, Daniel (2004). Pesticides and PCBs in sediments and fish from the Salton Sea, California, USA. Chemosphere 55: 797-809.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: SURVEY.

The Salton Sea, the largest manmade lake in California, is officially designated by the State of California as an agricultural drainage reservoir. The purpose of this study was to determine organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides, as well as polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in sediments and fish tissues in the Salton Sea and evaluate the relative ecological risk of these compounds. Sediment samples were taken during 2000-2001 and fish tissues (Tilapia mossambique, Cynoscion xanthulu) were collected in May 2001. All samples were analyzed for 12 chlorinated pesticides, 6 organophosphorus pesticides, and 55 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. [summation operator]Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ([summation operator]DDT) and total PCB concentrations observed in sediments ranged from 10 to 40 and 116 to 304 ng/g dry wt, respectively. DDT/DDD ratios in sediments and fish tissues of the northern Sea in 2001 indicated recent DDT exposure. Lindane, dieldrin, dichlorodiphenylethane (DDE) and total PCB concentrations detected in sediments exceeded probable effect levels established for freshwater ecosystems, and pp-DDE and total PCB concentrations were higher than effect range-median values developed for marine and estuarine sediments. In fish liver, concentrations of endrin and [summation operator]DDT exceeded threshold effect level established for invertebrates. [summation operator]DDT concentrations detected in fish tissues were higher than threshold concentrations for the protection of wildlife consumers of aquatic biota. DDE concentrations in fish muscles tissues were above the 50 ng/g concentration threshold for the protection of predatory birds. Dimethoate, diazinon, malathion, chlorpyrifos, disulfoton varied from [les]0.15 to 9.5 ng/g dry wt in sediments and from [les]0.1 to 80.3 ng/g wet wt in fish tissues. Disulfoton was found in relatively high concentrations (up to 80.3 ng/g) in all organs from Tilapia and Corvina. These results demonstrate continued contamination of specific organochlorine compounds in sediments and resident fish species of the Salton Sea. Author Keywords: Pesticides/ PCBs/ Sediments/ Fish/ Salton Sea

Sastry, K. V. and Sharma, K. (1981). Diazinon-Induced Histopathological and Hematological Alterations in a Freshwater Teleost, Ophiocephalus punctatus. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 5: 329-340.

EcoReference No.: 15173

Chemical of Concern: DZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(DZ).

Sato, M. E., Raga, A., Ceravolo, L. C., De souza Filho, M. F., Rossi, A. C., and De Moraes, G. J. (2001). Effect of Insecticides and Fungicides on the Interaction Between Members of the Mite Families Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae on Citrus. Exp.Appl.Acarol. 25: 809-818.

EcoReference No.: 71531

Chemical of Concern: DZ,CuO,DMT,MDT,DM,ALSV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS,TARGET-ALSV,DZ)).

SATO, T., TAGUCHI, M., NAGASE, H., KITO, H., and NIIKAWA, M. (1998). Augmentation of allergic reactions by several pesticides. TOXICOLOGY; 126 41-53.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: IN VITRO.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The augmentative effects of several pesticides on histamine release from mast cells of rats that had been sensitized passively by anti-dinitrophenol (DNP) monoclonal IgE antibodies were investigated in vitro. Various pesticides, especially phenthoate (PAP), chlornitrofen (CNP) and paraquat (PQ), increased histamine release. This increase was not observed in histamine release with non-antigen or induction by calcium ionophore A23187 or compound 48/80. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) was examined, and an increase of PCA was observed with PAP and PQ, but not with CNP, while an increase of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production was observed with CNP and PQ, but not PAP. These results suggest that various pesticides as environmental pollutants exacerbate allergic diseases. Animals/ Cytology/ Histocytochemistry/ Biochemistry/ Amino Acids/ Peptides/ Proteins/ Carbohydrates/ Inflammation/Pathology/ Hematologic Diseases/Pathology/ Hematologic Diseases/Physiopathology/ Hematopoietic System/Pathology/ Hematopoietic System/Physiopathology/ Lymphatic Diseases/Pathology/ Lymphatic Diseases/Physiopathology/ Reticuloendothelial System/Pathology/ Reticuloendothelial System/Physiopathology/ Hematopoietic System/Physiology/ Lymph/Chemistry/ Lymph/Physiology/ Lymphatic System/Physiology/ Reticuloendothelial System/Physiology/ Endocrine Glands/ Skin Diseases/Pathology/ Poisoning/ Animals, Laboratory/ Immunity, Cellular/ Hypersensitivity/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Arachnida/ Entomology/Economics/ Pest Control, Biological/ Muridae

Sattar, M. A. (1990). Fate of organophosphorus pesticides in soils. Chemosphere 20: 387-396.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: FATE.

A silty clay acid and a sandy clay neutral soils were treated with 10, 100 and 1000 ppm levels of dichlorvos, phosdrin, diazinon and parathion organophosphorus pesticides at field capacity moisture, and incubated for 80 days in glass containers at room temperature. The soil samples were collected after 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 days of incubation, and analysed for the residues by GC.At O-day of observation, the recovery results of the compounds were 99%, and then the pesticides degraded linearly with incubation time. The residues remained in soils after 80 days, varied from 3 to 15%. A fast degradation was noticed with dichlorvos and phosdrin. The rate of degradation was slightly higher in neutral than that of acid soils. The results were applied to the first order rate constants, and the half-life time was measured with each compound in each soil which varied from 13 (phosdrin) to 32 (diazinon) days. The average % residues remaining in soils were well fitted to the regression lines (r= 0.969 to -0.998).

SATTAR MA (1991). Degradation of diazinon in soils. PAK J SCI IND RES; 34 274-276.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: FATE.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. A silty clay acid soil was treated with diazinon by 30, 300 and 3000 ppm levels at field capacity, air-dry moisture conditions, and incubated for 200 days under laboratory conditions. The residues were determined after 0, 10, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 days of incubation. The degradation of diazinon was rapid at field capacity moisture levels wherever the rate was very slow in air-dry soils. With high dosages, the compound persisted longer in both soil conditions. The fate was linear and are well fitted to the regression lines. Biochemistry/ Air Pollution/ Soil Pollutants/ Water Pollution/ Soil

Savarie, P. J. and Bruggers, R. L. (1999). Candidate Repellents, Oral and Dermal Toxicants, and Fumigants for Brown Treesnake Control. In: G.H.Rodda, Y.Sawai, D.Chiszar, and H.Tanaka (Eds.), Problem Snake Management: The Habu and the Brown Treesnake, Cornell Univ.Press, Ithaca, NY 417-422.
Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 74375
Chemical of Concern: MOM,DZ,NAPH Rejection Code: REVIEW.

Sawaya, Wajih N., Al-Awadhi, Fawzia A., Saeed, Talat, Al-Omair, Ali, Husain, Adnan, Ahmad, Nissar, Al-Omirah, Husam, Al-Zenki, Sameer, Khalafawi, Sherif, Al-Otaibi, Jamla, and Al-Amiri, Hanan (2000). Dietary intake of organophosphate pesticides in Kuwait. Food Chemistry 69: 331-338.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.

The State of Kuwait, in cooperation with the U.S. FDA, conducted a total diet study (TDS) to estimate pesticide intake by the population. The organophosphate (OP) pesticide levels in 139 food items, constituting the TDS core list, are reported here. The TDS core food list was established through a nationwide food consumption survey. All foods were prepared as eaten, and analyzed for their organochlorine pesticide, OP, carbamate, benzimidazole and phenyl urea contents. The FDA's Multiresidue Methods, PAM I, were used employing GC, HPLC and GPC. Twenty-five of the foods analyzed contained OPs. These included 7 of 12 cereal products (chloropyriphos=0.03-0.21 ppm and fenetrothion=0.016-0.84 ppm), 6 of 16 vegetables (diazinon=0.05-0.2 ppm, and chloropyrifos, and fenthione sulfone), 1 of 16 fruits (monocrotophos) and 11 of 47 composite dishes (chloropyrifos methyl=0.011-0.089 ppm and fenetrothion 0.011-0.044 ppm). The higher levels of fenetrothion in one cereal product exceeded the MRLs, and warrant corrective and preventive measures. The daily intakes of OP pesticide residues are discussed in light of the ADIs of the FAO/WHO (1993). Codex Alimentarius. Pesticide residues in food (Vol. 2, 2nd ed.). Rome: Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. Pesticides/ Organophosphates/ ADIs/ MRLs/ Analysis/ GC

Sawyer, T. W., Weiss, M. T., and Dickinson, T. (1996). Effect of Metabolism on the Anticholinesterase Activity of Carbamate and Organophosphate Insecticides in Neuron Culture. In Vitro Toxicol. 9: 343-352.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ADC,TBC,CBL,MOM,ABT,PRN,ACP,PRT,PPHD,FNF,DZ,ETN,FNTH,TCF,AZ,PHSL,MLN,MP,Naled,DMT,DS,CPY Rejection Code: IN VITRO/METABOLISM.

SAWYER TW, WEISS MT, and DICKINSON, T. (1996). Effect of metabolism on the anticholinesterase activity of carbamate and organophosphate insecticides in neuron culture. IN VITRO TOXICOLOGY; 9 343-352.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: IN VITRO.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The anticholinesterase activities of 30 organophosphate and carbamate insecticides were assessed in primary cultures of chick embryo forebrain neurons. The median inhibitory concentrations for these compounds ranged over several orders of magnitude. However, these values did not correlate with the literature reported in vivo rodent toxicities of the corresponding insecticides. Preincubation of an arbitrary selection of 18 of these insecticides with rat hepatic S-9 fractions altered their anticholinesterase activities so that they became predictive of their relative in vivo toxicities. This approach may be of utility in assessing the toxicity of these classes of compounds in vivo. Animals/ Cytology/ Histocytochemistry/ Biochemistry/ Amino Acids/ Peptides/ Proteins/ Enzymes/Physiology/ Nervous System Diseases/Pathology/ Poisoning/ Animals, Laboratory/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Birds

SCHAEFFER, A. (1993). PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN THE SOIL ECOSYSTEM. BOLLAG, J.-M. AND G. STOTZKY (ED.). SOIL BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL. 8. XI+418P. MARCEL DEKKER, INC.: NEW YORK, NEW YORK, USA; BASEL, SWITZERLAND. ISBN 0-8247-9044-8.; 0 (0). 1993. 273-340.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: BACTERIA.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM MICROORGANISM AGROCHEMISTRY POLLUTION BIODEGRADATION Biochemistry/ Amino Acids/ Peptides/ Proteins/ Microbiological Techniques/ Air Pollution/ Soil Pollutants/ Water Pollution/ Biodegradation/ Industrial Microbiology/ Soil Microbiology/ Soil/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Microbiology

Schafer, E. W. (1972). The Acute Oral Toxicity of 369 Pesticidal, Pharmaceutical and Other Chemicals to Wild Birds. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 21: 315-330.

EcoReference No.: 38655

Chemical of Concern: Ziram,AN,BZO,BZC,Captan,THM,ZINEB,CYT,SFL,MAL,MRX,ACL,MLN,ABT,CBZ,MCB,CBL,CMPH,HCCH,EN,AND,ES,NP,TCF,CPY,DDVP,PPHD,DCTP,DS,PRT,DMT,AZ,PSM,ETN,DEM,DZ,FNTH,MP,NCTN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS),NO COC(4AP).

Schafer, E. W. Jr. and Bowles, W. A. Jr. (1985). Acute Oral Toxicity and Repellency of 933 Chemicals to House and Deer Mice. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 14: 111-129.

EcoReference No.: 35426

Chemical of Concern: ADC,CST,MOM,CPC,ZnP,DOD,MLN,Cu,AQS,CuCO,RSM,ACL,4AP,DZ,As; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).

Schafer, E. W. Jr., Bowles, W. A. Jr., and Hurlbut, J. (1983). The Acute Oral Toxicity, Repellency, and Hazard Potential of 998 Chemicals to One or more Species of Wild and Domestic Birds. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 12: 355-382.

EcoReference No.: 38656

Chemical of Concern: RSM,TBT,CBL,EN,PAH,ACL,PL,ES,AND,DZ,CPY,Sb,Pb,Zn,Cu,Tl,DLD,HCCH,APAC,4AP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).

SCHATTENBERG, H. J. III and HSU J-P (1992). Pesticide residue survey of produce from 1989 to 1991. J AOAC (ASSOC OFF ANAL CHEM) INT; 75 (5). 1992. 925-933.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: SURVEY.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. A pesticide residue screening program for 111 pesticides was performed on 6970 produce samples. Of the 81 varieties of samples, 2.4% contained illegal levels of pesticide residues (that is, higher than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tolerance or no tolerance specified), and 13.3% contained levels within tolerable limits established by EPA. Pesticide results are presented both by commodity and category type. The nature of violative residues is discussed. Legislation/ Organization and Administration/ Biology/ Food Technology/ Fruit/ Nuts/ Vegetables/ Food Analysis/ Food Technology/ Food Additives/Poisoning/ Food Additives/Toxicity/ Food Contamination/ Food Poisoning/ Food Preservatives/Poisoning/ Food Preservatives/Toxicity/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides

SCHENCK FJ, WAGNER, R., HENNESSY MK, and OKRASINSKI, J. L. JR (1994). Screening procedure for organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in eggs using a solid-phase extraction cleanup and gas chromatographic detection. JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL; 77 1036-1040.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. A solid-phase extraction (SPE) screening procedure for the isolation and gas chromatographic (GC) determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in eggs is described. Eggs are extracted with acetonitrile. The extract is subjected to a cleanup on tandem C18 and Florisil SPE columns. Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues are determined by GC with electron capture and flame photometric detection, respectively. Because the injected extracts are free from matrix interferences, the amount of residue present is easy to calculate. The average recoveries of 9 spiked organochlorine pesticide residues (0.01-1.0 ppm) ranged from 80.9 to 91.1 %. The average recoveries of 7 spiked organophosphorus pesticide residues (0.020.50 ppm) ranged from 80.3 to 89.5%. The SPE method results in a 90% reduction in organic solvent consumption and an 85% reduction in hazardous waste production compared with the AOAC methodology. Minerals/Analysis/ Biophysics/Methods/ Food Additives/Poisoning/ Food Additives/Toxicity/ Food Contamination/ Food Poisoning/ Food Preservatives/Poisoning/ Food Preservatives/Toxicity/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides

SCHENKE, D. and GEMMEKE, H. (1999). Behavior of O,O-Diethyl- and O,O-Diethylthiophosphate in fecal samples under field conditions. 218TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, PARTS 1 AND 2, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, USA, AUGUST 22-26, 1999.YABSTRACTS OF PAPERS AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY; 218 AGRO 118.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: FATE.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BEHAVIOR OF O,O-DIETHYL- AND O,O-DIETHYLTHIOPHOSPHATE IN FECAL SAMPLES UNDER FIELD CONDITIONSYMEETING ABSTRACT RABBIT PESTICIDES TOXICOLOGY O,O-DIETHYL THIOPHOSPHATE FECAL SAMPLES PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS Congresses/ Biology/ Biochemistry/ Biophysics/ Poisoning/ Animals, Laboratory/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Lagomorpha

Schenke, Detlef (2000). Analytical method for the determination of O,O-diethyl phosphate and O,O-diethyl thiophosphate in faecal samples. Chemosphere 41: 1313-1320.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

Dialkylphosphates/ Faecal samples/ GC-NPD/ GC-FPD A residue analytical method was developed for the determination of the dialkylphosphate metabolites of parathion in faecal samples obtained from rabbits. The faecal pieces were homogenised in water and highly water-soluble O,O-diethyl phosphate (DEP) and O,O-diethyl thiophosphate (DETP) were subsequently alkylated to pentafluorobenzyl esters by a phase transfer reaction. Derivatisation yields depend on the reaction time. The recovery rates were determined over the complete procedure using authentic reference standards in matrix solution. The reference standards allow to observe an effect of the sample matrix on the area of signals while GC-FPD is used. The recoveries over the concentration range from 0.05 to 5 [mu]g/g were 47-62% for O,O-diethyl phosphate and 92-106% for O,O-diethyl thiophosphate potassium salt with FPD.

Scheuhammer, A. M. and Wilson, L. K. (1990). Effects of lead and pesticides on delta -aminolevulinic acid dehydratase of ring doves (Streptopelia risoria ). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry [ENVIRON. TOXICOL. CHEM.]. Vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1379-1386. 1990.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: IN VITRO, MIXTURE.

ISSN: 0730-7268

Descriptors: pesticides
Descriptors: blood
Descriptors: liver
Descriptors: kidney
Descriptors: Streptopelia risoria
Abstract: The effects of lead (Pb super(2+)) and various pesticides on delta -aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-d) in avian blood, liver and kidney were studied. In blood, virtually all of the ALA-d activity was localized in the cellular fraction. Complete inhibition of RBC ALA-d occurred at an in vitro Pb super(2+) concentration of similar to 10 mu mol/g protein, with an IC50 of similar to 0.9 mu mol/g protein. Pesticides (carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dieldrin, fenitrothion, hexachlorobenzene) added to blood samples up to 10 mM in vitro had no inhibitory effect on ALA-d, nor did the presence of pesticides greatly modify the response of ALA-d to inhibition by increasing concentrations of Pb super(2+). Recovery of Pb-inactivated RBC ALA-d activity was accomplished by treatment of blood hemolysates with Zn super(2+) and an SH-reducing agent such as dithiothreitol (DTT). A combination of Zn super(2+) (4 mM) and DTT (120 mM) was required to achieve complete recovery of Pb-inhibited enzyme activity. Normal avian ALA-d activity was greatest in blood, followed by liver, then kidney.
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Classification: X 24135 Biochemistry
Classification: X 24165 Biochemistry
Subfile: Toxicology Abstracts

Scheunert, I., Mansour, M., Dorfler, U., and Schroll, R. (1993). Fate of Pendimethalin, Carbofuran and Diazinon Under Abiotic and Biotic Conditions. Sci.Total Environ. 132: 361-369.

Rejection Code: FATE/NO SPECIES/NO TOX DATA.

Diazinon-99//Diazinon DRAFT/REFs 1999//

EcoReference No.: 45852
User Define 2: WASH,CALF,CORE,NA
Chemical of Concern: CBF,DZ,PDM

Scheunert, I., Mansour, M., Dorfler, U., and Schroll, R. (1993). Fate of pendimethalin, carbofuran and diazinon under abiotic and biotic conditions. The Science of The Total Environment 132: 361-369.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: FATE.

The insecticides carbofuran and diazinon as well as the herbicide pendimethalin were irradiated with UV light of different wavelengths in water or water/soil suspensions under various conditions. As compared to pure distilled water, photodegradation was increased in the presence of titanium dioxide, hydrogen peroxide or ozone, or by using natural river or lake water. In a water/soil suspension, diazinon was converted, besides to other products, to the isomeric isodiazation. When subjected to various direct or indirect photolysis conditions, pendimethalin was transformed to various products resulting from dealkylation and reduction. [14C]Pendimethalin was applied to two natural sandy soils in lysimeters under outdoor conditions. Leachate collected at 1 m depth was analysed for radioactivity for 300 days. Radioactive products were detected from the third week onwards and continued to be leached during the whole experimental period. The radioactive products were neither the parent compound nor carbon dioxide nor carbonate but water-soluble organic conversion products. pendimethalin/ carbofuran/ diazinon/ photodegradation/ lysimeter/ leaching

Scheunert, I., Mansour, M., Dorfler, U., and Schroll, R. (1993). Fate of Pendimethalin, Carbofuran and Diazinon Under Abiotic and Biotic Conditions. Sci.Total Environ. 132: 361-369.
Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 45852
Chemical of Concern: CBF,DZ,PDM Rejection Code: FATE/NO SPECIES/NO TOX DATA.

Schiff, K., Bay, S., and Stransky, C. (2002). Characterization of stormwater toxicants from an urban watershed to freshwater and marine organisms. Urban Water [Urban Water]. Vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 215-227. Sep 2002.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.

ISSN: 1462-0758

Descriptors: Toxicity testing
Descriptors: Organophosphates
Descriptors: Pesticides
Descriptors: Trace metals
Descriptors: Urban areas
Descriptors: Wastewater discharges
Descriptors: Stormwater runoff
Descriptors: Diazinon
Descriptors: Zinc
Descriptors: Copper
Descriptors: Urban environments
Descriptors: Aquatic organisms
Descriptors: Water sampling
Descriptors: Storm water
Descriptors: Pesticides (organophosphorus)
Descriptors: Chlorpyrifos
Descriptors: Urban Watersheds
Descriptors: Water Pollution Effects
Descriptors: Toxicity
Descriptors: Experimental Data
Descriptors: Aquatic Animals
Descriptors: Toxicity tests
Descriptors: Urban runoff
Descriptors: Pollution effects
Descriptors: Urbanization
Descriptors: Land use
Descriptors: Ceriodaphnia
Descriptors: Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Descriptors: Mysidopsis bahia
Descriptors: USA, California, San Diego, Chollas Creek
Descriptors: USA, California, San Diego Bay
Descriptors: INE, USA, California, San Diego Bay
Abstract: Stormwater samples were collected from Chollas Creek, a highly urbanized watershed in San Diego, California, that discharges directly to San Diego Bay and tested using one freshwater species (Ceriodaphnia, water flea) and two marine species (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, purple sea urchin; and Mysidopsis bahia, mysid shrimp). No two species responded similarly after exposure to urban wet weather discharges. Strongylocentrotus was extremely sensitive to stormwater, exhibiting responses during every storm at concentrations as low as 6-12% stormwater. In contrast, Mysidopsis, exhibited no response to stormwater for any of the storms sampled. Ceriodaphnia exhibited intermediate toxic responses; two of three samples were toxic at relatively high concentrations of 50-100% stormwater. Toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) were conducted on each species to determine the toxic constituent(s). Organophosphate pesticides, most likely diazinon and chlorpyrifos, were responsible for the toxicity observed in Ceriodaphnia. Trace metals, most likely zinc and copper, were responsible for the toxicity observed to the sea urchin.
DOI: 10.1016/S1462-0758(02)00007-9
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Environmental Regime: Freshwater; Brackish; Marine
Classification: P 6000 TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH
Classification: X 24136 Environmental impact