N., and Bakry, N. M. (2006)

Park, Hee-Sae and Park, Jeen-Woo (1998). Fluorescent Labeling of the Leukocyte NADPH Oxidase Subunit p47phox: Evidence for Amphiphile-Induced Conformational Changes. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 360: 165-172.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

The leukocyte NADPH oxidase of neutrophils is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the production of O-2from oxygen using NADPH as the electron donor. Dormant in resting neutrophils, the enzyme acquires catalytic activity when the cells are exposed to appropriate stimuli. During activation, the cytosolic oxidase components p47phoxand p67phoxmigrate to the plasma membrane, where they associate with cytochrome b558, a membrane-integrated flavohemoprotein, to assemble the active oxidase. Oxidase activation can be mimicked in a cell-free system using an anionic amphiphile, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or arachidonic acid, as an activating agent. It has been proposed that conformational changes in the protein structure of cytosolic factor p47phoxmay be an important part of the activation mechanism. The purpose of the present study was to develop an approach to directly monitor conformational changes in p47phoxwhen treated with amphiphiles. Cysteines in recombinant p47phoxwere covalently labeled with a sulfhydryl-reactive, environmentally sensitive, fluorescent probeN,N′-dimethyl-N(iodoacetyl)-N′-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)ethyleneamine (IANBD). A series of mutant p47phoxproteins in which the individual cysteine (C98, C111, C196, and C378) was replaced with alanine revealed that all four cysteines of p47phoxare reactive to IANBD. We found that anionic amphiphiles elicited a dose-dependent increase in fluorescence at an emission maximum of 537 nm from IANBD-labeled p47phox. Furthermore, a blue shift of emission maximum and a decrease in quenching by the ionic quencher, potassium iodide, were observed in the presence of amphiphiles. These results indicate that the amphiphile-mediated increase in fluorescence from IANBD-labeled p47phoxis due to the conformational change as seen in the leukocyte NADPH oxidase activation. We propose that this alteration in conformation results in the appearance of a binding site through which p47phoxinteracts with cytochrome b558during the activation process. In addition, recombinant p67phoxor a peptide containing proline-rich sequence of p22phox(residues 149-162) induces the attenuation of the amphiphile-mediated enhancement of fluorescence from IANBD-labeled p47phox. This supports the notion that both p67phoxand p22phoxinfluence the conformation of p47phox. NADPH oxidase/ fluorescence/ conformational change/ amphiphiles

PARVEEN, Z., AFRIDI, I. AK, MASUD SZ, and BAIG, M. MH (1996). Monitoring of multiple pesticide residues in cotton seeds during three crop seasons. PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH; 39 146-149.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: SURVEY.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. After having established proper analytical methodology for multiple pesticide residues, major cotton growing areas of Pakistan were surveyed extensively and 250 samples of cotton seeds were drawn from progressive farmers' fields and different ginning factories during three crop seasons (June, 1986-January, 1989). Laboratory investigation of these samples showed contamination in 73.6 % samples with 24 different pesticides/metabolites. The results indicated that out of 24 pesticides, 9 were organochlorine, 8 organophosphorus and 7 synthetic pyrethroid compounds. MRLs exceeded in 40.6% samples. The most frequently occuring pesticides were cyhalothrin, dimethoate, DDT and its metabolites, endosulfan and monocrotophos. Poisoning/ Animals, Laboratory/ Plants/Growth & Development/ Soil/ Textiles/ Oils/ Plants/Growth & Development/ Soil/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Plants

Patterson, B. M., Franzmann, P. D., Rayner, J. L., and Davis, G. B. (2000). Combining coring and suction cup data to improve the monitoring of pesticides in sandy vadose zones: a field-release experiment. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology [J. Contam. Hydrol.]. Vol. 46, no. 1-2, pp. 187-204. Nov 2000.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS/SURVEY.

ISSN: 0169-7722

Descriptors: Monitoring
Descriptors: Data Collections
Descriptors: Soil Contamination
Descriptors: Urban Areas
Descriptors: Pesticides
Descriptors: Vadose Water
Descriptors: Herbicides
Descriptors: Migration
Descriptors: Path of Pollutants
Descriptors: Measuring Instruments
Descriptors: Pollution (Soil)
Descriptors: Pesticides (see also Bactericides, Weedkillers)
Descriptors: Migrations
Descriptors: Instrumentation
Descriptors: Pollution monitoring
Descriptors: Sand
Descriptors: Groundwater pollution
Descriptors: Hydrology
Descriptors: Diazinon
Descriptors: Atrazine
Descriptors: Research programs
Descriptors: Australia, Western Australia
Descriptors: Australia, Western Australia, Swan Coastal Plain
Abstract: Soil coring and vertically and horizontally installed suction cup monitoring techniques were compared during a field release experiment conducted in an urban area of the Swan Coastal Plain of Western Australia. Sodium bromide and low concentrations of diazinon, chlorpyrifos, atrazine and fenamiphos were released into the vadose zone and rates of migration and mass loss with respect to a bromide tracer investigated. Only bromide and atrazine showed significant migration through the vadose zone. The relative half-life mass losses from the vadose zone of the pesticides ranged from 3 to > 40 days. The use of soil coring complemented the use of vertically and horizontally installed suction cups for investigating relatively mobile non-volatile compounds, such as atrazine. Data from horizontally installed suction cups accounted for mass losses due to dilution and transport that could not be accounted for by coring, and enabled a better estimate of degradation and migration rates through the vadose zone. From core data alone, atrazine migration rates for the first 0.25 m were underestimated by more than 50% (0.0039 m day super(-1) compared to 0.013 m day super(-1)), and removal rates (and inferred degradation rates) were overestimated by more than 100% (half-life of 14 days compared to a half-life of 40 days), compared with rates determined by using core data and horizontal suction cup data in combination. Migration rates may have been even further underestimated at greater depths.
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Classification: SW 5010 Network design
Classification: AQ 00003 Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes
Classification: Q5 01503 Characteristics, behavior and fate
Classification: P 5000 LAND POLLUTION
Subfile: Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts

PEARSE, B. HG and PEUCKER, S. KJ (1991). Comparison of a liquid and a powder insecticidal dressing to aid healing and prevent flystrike of mulesing wounds in lambs. AUST VET J; 68 163-164.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: NAPH Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. A proprietary insecticidal mulesing powder containing diazinon and an experimental liquid dressing based on eucalyptus oil, naphthalene, cresylic acid and chlorfenvinphos in a carrier of liquid hydrocarbons and petroleum oil were compared for their ability to promote would healing and reduce the incidence of fly strike in freshly mulesed lambs. Throughout the trial period of 4 weeks, fly trapping confirmed the presence of Lucilia cuprina in the paddock where the ewes and lambs were grazing. At inspection one month after mulesing, no deaths had occurred since mulesing and no lambs showed evidence of cutaneous myiasis, although a number of their dams (with 8 months wool) were duck. At 4 weeks after mulesing, the wounds of the lambs treated with the experimental liquid dressing showed better healing than those treated with the powder dressing. It was concluded that both mulesing preparations were effective in inhibiting flystrike, but the liquid dressing promoted faster wou Biochemistry/ Anatomy, Comparative/ Histology, Comparative/ Regeneration/ Transplantation/ Therapeutics/ Diagnosis/ Skin/ Skin Diseases/Pathology/ Dermatologic Agents/Pharmacology/ Skin/ Drug Administration Routes/ Poisoning/ Animals, Laboratory/ Animal Husbandry/ Animal Diseases/Pathology/ Animal Diseases/Physiopathology/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Animals/ Arachnida/ Entomology/Economics/ Pest Control/ Arachnida/ Entomology/Economics/ Insecticides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Animal/ Disease/ Insects/Parasitology/ Diptera/ Artiodactyla

PEDERSEN-BJERGAARD, S. and GREIBROKK, T. (1996). Environmental applications of capillary gas chromatography coupled with atomic emission detection: A review. HRC JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; 19 597-607.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS, REVIEW.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Environmental applications of capillary gas chromatography coupled with atomic emission detection (GC-AED) have been reviewed with emphasis on both the commercial and laboratory-built systems. Attention was focused on 1) element-selective detection of non-metallic as well as metallic pollutants, 2) identification of contaminants, and 3) sample preparation considerations. Biophysics/Methods/ Air Pollution/ Soil Pollutants/ Water Pollution

PEHKONEN SO and DANNENBERG, A. (1995). IRON OXIDE CATALYZED PHOTODEGRADATION OF SELECTED ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES IMPLICATIONS FOR AQUATIC FATE. 210TH AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, USA, AUGUST 20-24, 1995. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY; 210 ENVR 212.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: FATE.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM MEETING ABSTRACT DIAZINON DISULFOTON DEMETON S Congresses/ Biology/ Radiation/ Ecology/ Oceanography/ Fresh Water/ Biochemistry/ Minerals/ Air Pollution/ Soil Pollutants/ Water Pollution/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides

PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE USA (1999). 75th Annual Meeting of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science (Pocono Manor, Pennsylvania, USA; April 9-11, 1999). JOURNAL OF THE PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE; 72 148-188.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. This meeting contains abstracts of 173 papers, including 66 posters, written in English, in the sessions on environmental science, microbiology, toxicology, cellular biology, molecular biology, ecology, medicine, parasitology, aquatic biology, wildlife biology, botany, behavior, zoology, and biochemistry. Cytology/ Histocytochemistry/ Behavior, Animal/ Ecology/ Biochemistry/ Animal/ Animals, Laboratory/ Animals, Wild/ Parasitic Diseases/Veterinary

Perahia, David, Pullman, Bernard, and Saran, Anil (1974). Molecular orbital calculations on the conformation of nucleic acids and their constituents : IX. The geometry of the phosphate group: Key to the conformation of polynucleotides? Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 340: 299-313.
Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

The PCILO ([omega]′--[omega]) conformational energy maps of dimethyl phosphate constructed with different geometries of the phosphate group corresponding to the known crystal structures of U3′p5′A and A2′p5′U show that the global minimum of each map corresponds to the observed crystallographic conformation of the dinucleoside monophosphate having the same phosphate geometry. This result indicates that the conformational preferences of these relatively large molecules are determined essentially by the geometrical properties of the phosphate group. In particular it is shown in this study that the right-handed helical conformation of the dinucleoside monophosphates is favoured when the O5′PO(I) and O3′PO(II) valence angles have values greater than their symmetrical value (i.e. the value in the corresponding symmetrical dimethylphosphate) and that the left-handed helical conformation is favoured when these same valence angles have values smaller than their symmetrical value. A further confirmation of this rule is accomplished by analysing the phosphate group geometry in the crystal structures of diethyl phosphates. Such an analysis shows that the agreement between the observed conformations and those predicted by the rule is excellent.Ab initio calculations performed on a few selected geometries of dimethyl phosphate confirm the PCILO results. They also demonstrate that the conformation of the methyl groups has an influence on the overall stability.

Pereira, W. E., Domagalski, J. L., Hostettler, F. D., Brown, L. R., and Rapp, J. B. (1996). Occurrence and Accumulation of Pesticides and Organic Contaminants in River Sediment, Water and Clam Tissues from the San Joaquin River and Tributaries, California. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 15: 172-180.
Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 83827
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,DMT,DZ,CPY,DLD,CHD,DCF,NAPH,PAH,DDT Rejection Code: NO DURATION/SURVEY.

Periera, W. E. and Hostettler, F. D. (1993). Nonpoint Source Contamination of the Mississippi River and its Tributaries by Herbicides. Environ.Sci.Technol. 27: 1542-1552.

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 83826
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,SZ,TBC,PMT,PPN,AMTR,ACR,CZE,CBF,DZ,DU,HXZ,MLT,MBZ,MTL,MP,NFZ,PRO Rejection Code: SURVEY.

Perry, N. S. L., Houghton, P. J., Jenner, P., Keith, A., and Perry, E. K. (2002). Salvia lavandulaefolia essential oil inhibits cholinesterase in vivo. Phytomedicine, 9 (1) pp. 48-51, 2002.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: MIXTURE, BIOLOGICAL TOXICANT.

ISSN: 0944-7113

Abstract: The essential oil of Salvia lavandulaefolia at two dosage levels was administered orally to rats for five days. Choline esterase activity was measured post mortem in three areas of the brain, both in the absence and presence of TEPP, a specific butylcholine esterase inhibitor, and was found to be significantly reduced in the striatum with both doses and also in the hippocampus at the higher dose. The activity of the enzyme in the cortex was not significantly reduced even at the higher dose. Thus it appears that S. lavandulaefolia oil, shown to inhibit choline esterase in vitro, also has an in vivo effect and this may help explain its traditional use for ailing memory.
5 refs.
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal
Publication Type: Article
Country of Publication: Germany
Classification: 92.1.6.2 BIOCHEMISTRY: Secondary Products: Terpenoids
Subfile: Plant Science

Perry, W. (2004). Elements of South Florida's Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. Ecotoxicology [Ecotoxicology]. Vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 185-193. Apr 2004.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.

ISSN: 0963-9292

Descriptors: Wetlands
Descriptors: Environmental restoration
Descriptors: Planning
Descriptors: Water management
Descriptors: Hydrology
Descriptors: Water quality control
Descriptors: Economics
Descriptors: Environmental planning
Descriptors: Water quality
Descriptors: Water flow
Descriptors: Ecosystem analysis
Descriptors: Contaminants
Descriptors: Dry season
Descriptors: Phosphorus removal
Descriptors: Dissolved oxygen
Descriptors: Water availability
Descriptors: Atrazine
Descriptors: Flooding
Descriptors: Flow Discharge
Descriptors: Ecological Effects
Descriptors: Water Pollution Control
Descriptors: Water Storage
Descriptors: Water Distribution
Descriptors: Aquifers
Descriptors: Pollutants
Descriptors: Herbicides
Descriptors: Aquatic Habitats
Descriptors: Nutrients
Descriptors: Habitat improvement
Descriptors: Stream flow
Descriptors: Phosphorus
Descriptors: Environmental impact
Descriptors: Stormwater runoff
Descriptors: Regional planning
Descriptors: USA, Florida
Descriptors: USA, Florida, Everglades
Abstract: Approximately 70% less water flows through the Everglades ecosystem today compared with the historic Everglades, and the quality of the remaining water is often degraded. The regionally managed hydropattern does not follow the pre-drainage distribution, timing, and duration of the natural Everglades, nor can water move freely though the remaining Everglades. As a result, there have been significant reductions in wildlife and fish populations, their habitat, and the environmental services wetlands provide society. Both the problems of declining ecosystem health and the solutions to Everglades restoration center on restoring the quantity, quality, timing, and distribution of water. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan consists of over 60 civil works projects that will be designed and implemented over a 30 year period. At an estimated cost of $7.8 billion, it seeks to correct an earlier attempt at water management in South Florida and improve water availability during the dry season and reduce flooding of urban and agricultural areas during the wet season. The plan calls for storage and controlled release from more than 217,000 acres of new reservoirs and wetland-based treatment areas and from over 300 underground aquifer storage and recovery wells. The plans assumes that during retention in stormwater treatment areas, the excess phosphorus, nitrogen, agrichemicals such as atrazine, diazinon, endosulfan, and other contaminants will be reduced before release into the natural areas. It also assumes that little or no change in water quality will occur during underground storage. To improve the hydraulic connectivity of natural areas, some of the extensive system of levees and canals within the Everglades will be removed in an effort to improve overland water flow. Most of the current planning has focused on water storage and restoring basic hydrology in the remnant natural areas and on phosphorus removal as a benchmark of water quality. The restoration plan, as approved by Congress, is conceptual and most of the details, including potential impacts of the plan on the natural system and the role of contaminants remain to be evaluated.
Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOI: 10.1023/B:ECTX.0000023564.10311.4a
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Environmental Regime: Freshwater
Classification: D 04715 Reclamation
Classification: P 9000 ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION
Classification: M3 1120 Land
Classification: SW 3070 Water quality control
Classification: AQ 00002 Water Quality
Classification: Q5 01522 Protective measures and control
Classification: EE 40 Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation
Subfile: Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts

Pery, A. R. R., Bedaux, J. J. M., Zonneveld, C., and Kooijman, S. A. L. M. (2001). Analysis of Bioassays with Time-Varying Concentrations. Water Res. 35: 3825-3832.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ,PAH Rejection Code: MODELING.

Peskin, Alexander V. and Winterbourn, Christine C. (2006). Taurine chloramine is more selective than hypochlorous acid at targeting critical cysteines and inactivating creatine kinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 40: 45-53.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and chloramines are produced by the neutrophil enzyme, myeloperoxidase. Both react readily with thiols, although chloramines differ from HOCl in discriminating between low molecular weight thiols on the basis of their pKa. Here, we have compared the reactivity of HOCl and taurine chloramine with thiol proteins by examining inactivation of creatine kinase (CK) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). With both enzymes, loss of activity paralleled thiol loss. For CK both were complete at a 1:1 taurine chloramine:thiol mole ratio. For GAPDH each chloramine oxidized two thiols. Three times more HOCl than taurine chloramine was required for inactivation, indicating that HOCl is less thiol specific. Competition studies showed that thiols of CK were 4 times more reactive with taurine chloramine than thiols of GAPDH (rate constants of 1200 and 300 M-1s-1 respectively). These compare with 205 M-1s-1 for cysteine and are consistent with their lower pKa's. Both enzymes were equally susceptible to HOCl. GSH competed directly with the enzyme thiols for taurine chloramine and protected against oxidative inactivation. At lower GSH concentrations, mixed disulfides were formed. We propose that chloramines should preferentially attack proteins with low pKa thiols and this could be important in regulatory processes. Oxidative stress/ Thiol/ Chloramines/ Hypochlorous acid/ Glutathione/ Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase/ Creatine kinase/ Free radical

Peter Slotte, J. (1995). Lateral domain heterogeneity in cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine monolayers as a function of cholesterol concentration and phosphatidylcholine acyl chain length. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1238: 118-126.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

Mixed monolayers of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholines having symmetric, different length acyl chains (10 to 16 carbons each) were prepared at the air/water interface. The partitioning of a fluorescent probe, NBD-cholesterol at 0.5 mol%, among lateral domains was determined by epifluorescence microscopy. The mixed monolayers had cholesterol concentrations of 20, 25, or 33 mol%, and in all these monolayers, lateral domain heterogeneity was observed within a defined surface pressure interval. This surface pressure interval was highly influenced by the phosphatidylcholine acyl chain length, but not by the cholesterol content of the mixed monolayer. The characteristic surface pressure, at which the line boundary between expanded and condensed phases dissolved (phase transformation pressure), and the monolayer entered an apparent phase-miscible state, was about 20 mN/m for di10PC and decreased as a linear function of the phosphatidylcholine acyl chain length to be about 2.5 mN/m for di16PC. During initial compression of the monolayers, the sizes of the condensed phases were generally larger, and to some extent heterogeneous with respect to the size distribution, as compared to the situation in monolayers which had experienced a compression/expansion cycle, which took them above the phase transformation pressure. This suggest that the domains observed during initial compression were not equilibrium structures. This study has demonstrated that both the cholesterol content and the phosphatidylcholine acyl chain length markedly influenced the properties of laterally condensed domains in these mixed monolayers. Since the possibility for the formation of attractive van der Waals forces between cholesterol and acyl chains increase with increasing acyl chain length, and since the phosphocholine head group is similar in all systems examined, the observed differences in domain shapes, properties, and stability most likely resulted from differences in van der Waals forces. Cholesterol/ Phosphatidylcholine/ Lateral domain heterogeneity/ Monolayer/ Epifluorescence microscopy/ Lipid interaction

Petruska, J. A., Mullins, D. E., Young, R. W., and Collins, Jr. E. R. (1985). A benchtop system for evaluation of pesticide disposal by composting. Nuclear and Chemical Waste Management 5: 177-182.