Мuzaffar Choriyev Мuхаmmаdi G‘opporov

So shuning uchun, shunday qilib, therefore shuning uchun, then so‘ngra, o‘shanda, however lekin, biroq, ammo, nevertheless shunga qaramay, still, yet shunday bo‘lsa ham, ayniqsa, besides -dan tashqari, more over bundan tashqari, otherwise, else, or else aks holda:

It was late so I went home.	Kech bo‘lgan edi shuning uchun men uyga ketdim.
It’s very fine weather for a walk, but yet I don’t think I’ll go out.	Havo juda yaxshi, shunday bo‘lsa ham men tashqariga chiqmayman deb o‘ylayman.
Go at once, otherwise (or else) you will miss the train.	Zudlik bilan yo‘lga tushing, aks holda poyezdga kechikasiz.

Ergash gaplarni bosh gaplar bilan bog‘lash uchun quyidagi ravishlar ishlatiladi:

when –da, paytida, where qayerda, o’sha yerda, why nima sababdan, how qanday qilib.

He called when I was busy.	U mening band paytimda keldi.
I do not know where he lives.	Men uning qayerda yashashini bilmayman.
I can’t understand why he is late.	Men uning kechikish sababini bilmayman.
I want to know how you do it.	Buni qanday bajarishingizni bilishni istayman.

Once agar biror ish qilgan bo‘lsa, agar …-sa ma’nosida ishlatilib, gaplarni bog‘lab keladi:

Once you have promised you must do it.	Agar va’da bergan bo‘lsangiz, uni bajarishingiz kerak.
Once you show any fear, the dog will attack you.	Agar qo‘rqqaningizni sezdirib qo‘y-sangiz, kuchuk sizga tashlanadi.

Ravish shakllari
1. Ravishlar shakliga ko‘ra ikki guruhga: s o d d a va y a s a m a ravishlarga bo‘linadi.
Sodda ravishlar: here shu yerda, bu yerga, there u yerga, o‘sha yoqda, now hozir, endi, almost qariyb, deyarli, soon yaqinda, tez orada va boshq.

Yasama ravishlar guruhiga sifatga -ly qo‘simchasini qo‘shish bilan yasalgan ravishlar kiradi: easily osonlik bilan, quietly bemalol, slowly sekin, asta va boshq. Yana bir qator ravishlar boshqa so‘z turkumlaridan yasalgan: daily har kuni, kunlik, weekly haftalik, monthly oylik va boshq.

Fast, long, far, little, much, early, daily kabi bir qancha ravishlar xuddi shu shakldagi sifatlardan farq qilmaydi. Shuning uchun ularni gapdagi bajargan sintaktik vazifasidan farqlash mumkin, ya’ni, sifat otni aniqlaydi, ravish esa fe’lni yoki boshqa bir ravishni aniqlaydi:

S i f a t	R a v i s h
He took a fast train to Sochi. U Sochiga tez yurar poyezdda bordi.	He speaks very fast. U juda tez gapiradi.
He returned from a long journey. U uzoq safardan qaytdi.	Have you been waiting long? Siz anchadan beri kutayapsizmi?
Vladivostok is in the Far East. Vladivostok Uzoq Sharqda.	We have not walked far today. Biz bugun uzoq yurmadik.
We have very little time. Bizni juda oz vaqtimiz bor.	He reads very little. U juda kam o‘qiydi.
He drew a straight line. U to’g’ri chiziq chizdi.	Go straight down the street, then turn to the left. Ko‘chadan to‘g‘ri borib, keyin chapga burilasiz.
They left Tashkent in the early autumn.	Ular Toshkentdan kuzning boshida (erta kuzda) ketishdi.
I always get up early.	Men har doim erta turaman.
Pravda” is a daily newspaper. “Pravda”- kunlik gazeta.	“I see him daily. Men uni har kuni ko‘raman.

Ayrim ravishlar ikki xil shaklga ega: birinchisi shu shakldagi sifatning shakliga o‘xshaydi, ikkinchisi esa -ly qo‘shimchasi bilan tugaydi. U holda –ly bilan tugahan ravishning ma’nosi sifat bilan bir xil shakldagi ravishdan farq qiladi.

Sifat	Sifat bilan bir xil shakldagi ravish	-ly qo’shimchasi bilan tugagan ravish
He is a hard worker. U tirishqoq ishchi. He returned in the late autumn. U kech kuzda qaytib keldi. He is studying the history of the Near East. U Yaqin Sharq tarixini o‘rganayapti.	He works hard. U qattiq ishlaydi. I went to bed late last night. Men kecha kech yotdim He lives quite near. U juda yaqin(da) yashaydi.	I could hardly understand him.Men uni arang tushundim. I have not seen him lately. Men uni keyingi paytlarda ko‘rganim yo‘q. It is nearly five o‘clock. Soat qariyb besh.

Ba’zi ravishlar fe’llar bilan birga ishlatiladi va alohida ma’no beradi. Fe’lning orqasidan kelayotgan ravishga qarab fe’lning ma’nosi o’zgaradi. Bu ravishlarga quyidagilar kiradi: about, across, along, around, away, back, by, down, in, on, off, out, over, through, under, up va boshqalar.

Ba’zi hollarda birikmaning ma’nosi shu birikma tarkibiga kirgan so‘zlarning ma’nosida kelib chiqqan bo‘ladi:

to come back qaytib kelmoq (come kelmoq, back orqaga)