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ОИНВ21ВЕКЕ. Март 2022. Том 1

359






pale and strongly swollen skin;



large abdomen;



significant enlargement of the liver and spleen;



muscle weakness;



hoarse heart sounds;



respiratory disorders;



severe anemia.


Edematous hemolytic disease of the newborn results in abortion, stillbirth, and infant mortality.
If large amounts of bilirubin are excreted in a toxic form, the organs directly involved in its recovery and excretion are damaged. Bilirubin in the blood passes to the liver, where its conjugation occurs, in other words, destruction. However, if it is too much, the liver will not have time to process too many. As a result, the neurotoxic form of this specific pigment passes from one organ to another, inhibiting oxidative processes and initiating catastrophic changes in tissues and organs at the cellular level, until their destruction.
At concentrations above 340 ^mol / l, bilirubin crosses a special blood -brain barrier and alters brain structure. For preterm infants, a concentration of only 200 ^mol / l is sufficient. Thus, bilirubin encephalopathy is formed, which poisons the brain and leads to subsequent disability. The disease is also characterized by an action called extramedullary hematopoiesis - this blood is formed in other organs rather than in the bone marrow tissue. Therefore, organ proliferation occurs along with a lack of essential trace elements such as zinc, iron, and copper. Elements of erythrocyte destruction are "located" in the cells of the pancreas, kidneys and other organs.



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