World Trade Organization (WTO)
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Because the United States emerged from World War II as the world s largest
economic power, with over half of the world s manufacturing capacity and the
greater part of the world s gold, the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange
rates was based on the convertibility of U.S. dollars into gold (for foreign
governments and central banks only) at US$35 per ounce. The fixed exchange
rates were to be maintained by intervention in the foreign exchange market
by central banks in countries besides the United States who bought and sold
U.S. dollar assets, which they held as international reserves. The U.S. dollar,
which was used by other countries to denominate the assets that they held as
international reserves, was called the
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