deposit rate ceilings
also led to financial innovations.
If market interest rates rose above the maximum rates that banks paid on time
deposits under Regulation Q, depositors withdrew funds from banks to put them
into higher-yielding securities. This loss of deposits from the banking system
restricted the amount of funds that banks could lend (called
disintermediation
)
and thus limited bank profits. Banks had an incentive to get around deposit rate
ceilings because by so doing, they could acquire more funds to make loans and
earn higher profits.
We can now look at how the desire to avoid restrictions on interest payments
and the tax effect of reserve requirements led to two important financial innovations.
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