C H A P T E R 9
Financial Crises and the Subprime
Meltdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Learning Objectives
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
196
Preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
196
Factors Causing Financial Crises . . . . . . . . .
197
Asset Market Effects on Balance Sheets. . . . 197
Deterioration in Financial Institutions
Balance Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Banking Crises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Increases in Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Increases in Interest Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Government Fiscal Imbalances . . . . . . . . . . 199
Dynamics of Past Canadian Financial
Crises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
199
Stage One: Initiation of Financial Crisis. . . . 200
Stage Two: Banking Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Stage Three: Debt Deflation . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Application
The Mother of All Financial
Crises: The Great Depression in the United
States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
203
The Subprime Financial Crisis of
2007 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
204
Financial Innovations Emerge in the
Mortgage Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Housing Price Bubble Forms . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Agency Problems Arise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Information Problems Surface . . . . . . . . . . 206
Housing-Price Bubble Bursts . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Crisis Spreads Globally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Banks Balance Sheets Deteriorate . . . . . . . 207
FYI
Canada s Asset-Backed Commercial
Paper Saga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
208
High-Profile Firms Fail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Bailout Package Debated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Recovery in Sight? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Subprime Mortgages in Canada . . . . . . . . . 210
Global
The U.S. Treasury Asset Relief Plan
and Government Bailouts Throughout
the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
211
Why Canada s Banking System Is the
Envy of the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Dynamics of Financial Crises in Emerging-
Market Economies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
212
Stage One: Initiation of Financial Crisis. . . . 213
Stage Two: Currency Crisis. . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Stage Three: Full-Fledged Financial Crisis . . 216
Application
Financial Crises in Mexico,
1994 1995; East Asia, 1997 1998; and
Argentina, 2001 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
217
Global
The Perversion of the Financial
Liberalization and Globalization Process:
Chaebols and the South Korean Crisis . . . .
219
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
222
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
223
Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
223
Web Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
224
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