C H A P T E R 11
Banking Industry: Structure and
Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Learning Objectives
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
252
Preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
252
Historical Development of the
Canadian Banking System . . . . . . . . . . .
253
The Free Banking Experiment . . . . . . . . . . 254
FYI
The Dual Banking System in the
United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
254
The Provincial Notes Act, 1866 . . . . . . . . . . 255
The Dominion Notes Act, 1870. . . . . . . . . . 255
The First Bank Act, 1871 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
The Bank Act, 1881-1913 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
The Finance Act, 1914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Financial Innovation and the Growth of
the Shadow Banking System
. . . . . . . .
258
Responses to Changes in Demand
Conditions: Interest Rate Volatility . . . . . 258
Responses to Changes in Supply
Conditions: Information Technology . . . 259
Global
Will Clicks Dominate Bricks
in the Banking Industry? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
262
Avoidance of Existing Regulations . . . . . . . 263
FYI
Bruce Bent and the Money Market
Mutual Fund Panic of 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
265
Financial Innovation and the Decline
of Traditional Banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Structure of the Canadian Chartered
Banking Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
268
Schedule I, Schedule II, and Schedule III
Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Competition and Technology . . . . . . . . . . 269
Comparison with the United States . . . . . . .
270
Response to Branching Restrictions in
the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Competition Across all Four Pillars . . . . . . .
272
Convergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Implications for Financial Consolidation . . . 273
FYI
The Subprime Financial Crisis and the
Demise of Large, Free-Standing
Investment Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
274
Separation of Banking and Other
Financial Services Industries
Throughout the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
The Near Banks: Regulation and Structure . .
275
Trust Companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Mortgage Loan Companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Cooperative Banks: Credit Unions and
Caisses Populaires
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Government Savings Institutions. . . . . . . . . 277
International Banking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
277
Eurocurrencies Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Global
Ironic Birth of the Eurodollar
Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
278
Canadian Banking Overseas . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Foreign Banks in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
The 2001 Bank Act Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . .
282
Bank Holding Companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Permitted Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Ownership Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
The CP Act and Access to the Payments
and Clearance System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Merger Review Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
The National Financial Services
OmbudService . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Implications for the Canadian Banking
Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
285
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
286
Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
286
Web Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
287
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