Exercise#2. Discuss the following questions in mini groups.
What is word
formation in
linguistics?
1
What functions of
affixation in
English and Native
languages do you
know
?
4
What ways of
compounding are
there in English
and Native
languages?
2
Give different
ways of word
formation in
compared
languages.
3
Comparison of simple
words in compared
languages
The problem of
hyperonyms and
hyponyms in
compared languages
Clarification of the
terms of polysemy
and homonyms
Compound words in
English and Native
languages
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Exercise#3a. Look at the questions in the chart about ways of word formation
in English, Russian and Uzbek languages. Write your answers first in the
YOU column.
3b. Interview your partner and write his/her answers in your partner column.
Questions
You
Your partner
The
ways
ofword
formation in modern
English
The
ways
ofword
formation in modern
Russian
Five main ways of
word
formation
in
modern Uzbek
3c. compare your answers with your partner's answers.
►Home activities
Exercise#1. Look at the text about similarities and differences of word -
formation in compared languages. There are 12 mistakes are underlined in it.
Replace them with the correct words from the box below.
origin independent prefixing bound negative full
repetition or reversal proper semi-bound prefixes
The main similarity of forming words is having the way of affixing in all
compared languages. And all of them have the subtypes, such as borrowing,
suffixing and prefix-suffix. For example, English prefixes are such particles that
can be prefixed to separate words and it is mostly characteristic for forming verbs.
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Prefixes can be considered more dependent than suffixes in English. They can be
classified according to the nature of words in which they are used: prefixes used in
notional and functional words. Prefixes used in notional words are irrelevant
prefixes, which are semi-bound morphemes, e.g. re- (rewrite). Prefixes used in
functional words are bound morphemes because they are met in the language as
words, e.g. over- (overprotected) ( cf. over the book ).
Prefixes can be classified according to different principles:
1. Semantic classification:
a) prefixes of positivemeaning, such as: in- (invaluable), non- (non-
morphological), un- (unhappy) etc.
b) prefixes denoting planned actions, such as: de- (deregulate), re- (redo), dis-
(disappear).
c) prefixes denoting time, space, degree relations, such as : inter- (international) ,
hyper- (hypertension), ex- (ex-friend), pre- (pre-reading), over- (overhead) etc.
2.Usage of prefixes can be classified as follows:
a) native (Germanic), such as: un-, over-, under- etc.
b) Romanic, such as : in-, de-, ex-, re- etc.
c) Greek, such as : sym-, hyper- etc.
Besides, there are a lot of borrowed suffixes in English:
Auto-, Demi-, Mono-, Multi-, Semi-, Post-;
Exercise#2. You are given different classifications of suffixes in English,
Russian and Uzbek languages. According to the classification match the
suffixes with their sub groups.
I. Part-of-speech classification
1. noun-forming suffixes -ize , -ify, -а-ть, -а, -лан
2. adjective-forming suffixes - able, - less,-ous,-ный-ной,-ли,- и
3. verb-forming suffixes -er, - ism, -ни ,- ц,-увч , -чили
4. adverb-forming suffixes -teen , -ty, -надцать , -ой (-ый),-та
5. numeral-forming suffixes -ly , -о,-лаб, -она.
II. Semantic classification
1 . nationality -ness, -ity,- чан
2.the agent of the action - dom, -ry, -ship, -ati
3. quality - ian, -ese, -ish,- ич, -ли .
4.diminutiveness -er, -ist, -ent, -о , -чи.
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5. collectivity -ie, -let, -ling, -ette.
III. The lexico-grammatical character of the stem.
1. suffixes added to verbal stems -e,-ly, -ish, -ness,-о ть, -и- ,-ли
2. suffixes added to noun stems - er, -ing,- т о, -аци , - ич, -ги
3.suffixes added to adjective stems -less, -ful, -ni-ый, -ный,- ор,гар
Exercise#3. Look at the suffixes in thechart below. Give the examples for each
according to the classification in compared languages.
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