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Developing a Course Outline 
Coming up with a course design is a dynamic mix of juggling and doing jigsaw puzzles. Juggling 
because there are a lot of different aspects to keep in mind and keep between moving between 
Feedback
Input language/ 
Practice 
Prepare/perform/ 
Video recorded

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the balls a juggler has to keep in the air. Jigsaw puzzles because we are taking different pieces 
and shifting them around until they fit to male a satisfactory picture. With the range of ESP 
courses that have been taught around the world and the materials published, even for a new 
course, we should not have to start from scratch- to invent a wheel. As with needs analysis, an 
important part of the process is to learn from what else we and others have done. The target 
events will have been broken down into skill areas and the appropriate rhetorical awareness 
considered as part of the analysis: 
·
Writing a good introduction; 
·
Citing sources and attributing ideas; 
·
Writing in an academic style; 
·
Discussing data; 
Within those the students needed to develop an awareness of how to handle others` ideas, what it 
was acceptable to use, what should be quoted and what could be termed plagiarism. At the 
course design stage these skill areas also have to be ordered and the same criteria apply; because 
writing in an academic style is the most general of the skills, and will be used throughout the 
assignment, it is the first component.
Associated with each of the four skills areas are particular functions and language. We can find 
that particularly the micro- skills and also some of the grammar, even lexis, occur more than 
once, that is, they match with more than one target event or skill area;