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7.
 
Should the course design be worked out by the language teacher after consultation with 
the learners and the institutions, or should it be subject to a process of negotiation with 
the learners?
 
Intensive or Extensive 
During an intensive ESP course the learners’ time is totally committed to that ESP course. In 
contrast, an extensive ESP course occupies only a small part of a student’s timetable or a 
professional person’s work schedule. ESP courses, both EOP and EAP, are frequently intensive. 
Companies send their managers, secretaries or technicians on short intensive courses in the 
expectation that an exclusive concentration on certain skills or language for the period of the 
course will greatly enhance their performance in activities that require English. Similarly, 
intensive EAP pre-study courses are very common in English –medium situations. Students are 
given language improvement and study skills sessions for between one and six months before 
they actually begin subject courses. The assumption is that they need to reach a certain level of 
proficiency before they actually begin their subject. 
Advantages of intensive courses 
There are clear advantages in the intensive course. The students are totally focused on their 
purpose for learning English and, if the course is residential, they can be immersed in an 

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English-language environment, even out-side the actual class sessions. They have no distractions 
and, because of the availability of time, a great deal of variety in the activities can be introduced. 
Learners can, for example, spend time preparing an oral presentation or writing a report, and 
then get feedback on their performance. This total focus on the ESP course and the absence of 
them distractions can mean that the intensive and residential course makes the most effective use 
of time available for English and study communication skills.