Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:
1.
https://lex.uz/
O‘zbekiston Respublikasining “Sudlar to`g`risida”gi Qonuni,
28.07.2021 yildagi O‘RQ-703-son
2.
https://lex.uz/
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining Farmoni, 21.10.2016
yildagi PF-4850-son
3.
https://sud.uz/
Судьялар одоб-ахлоқ кодекси
4.
https://aniq.uz/yangiliklar/uzbekistondagi-sudyalarning-odob-axloq-kodeksi-
haqida-bilasizmi
68
Qarang: ex.uz/docs/-5534923.
O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Qonuni, 28.07.2021 yildagi O‘RQ-703-son
69
https://uz.warbletoncouncil.org/frases-de-justicia-5562
850
ФИО автора:
Suleymanova E’zoza Amir qizi
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
ФИО научного руководителя:
Nasrullayeva Mohigul Suxrobovna
Название публикации:
«THE IMPORTANCE OF RUSSIAN FOLKLORE IN
CHILDREN LITERATURE»
Abstract:
This article presents the relationship between Russian folklore and children
literature. Besides, this studies the origin of Russian folklore, ways of increasing
children’s discretion by virtue of Russian fairytales and sayings, specific features of
genre diversity of children's folklore, the importance of works of children's folklore in
folk pedagogy and possibilities of children's folklore.
Keywords:
literature, fairytales, evil, good, Russian folklore, myth, storyteller,
magical animal, moral education.
Children's literature is a peculiar area of general literature. It is created according to
the same laws of artistic creation as all literature, while having essential features. The
functions of children's literature: entertainment. Without it, all the others are
unthinkable: without interest in the child, you can neither develop nor educate him,
aesthetic - should instill a true artistic taste. For this reason Russian folklore plays a
great role in children literature.
So, folklore can be both ancient and new - modern, created in our days. Its main
feature is that this art of speech is transmitted from generation to generation from
mouth to mouth.
Genres in the verbal folk art are numerous. These are myths and
legends, epics, byline, proverbs and sayings, riddles, ditties, tales, songs. The list is
endless. The creator is not an individual person, but the people. That is why no
composition has its own specific, single author [1; 405].
In ancient Russia, literature as a field of art had no definite place of its own, then
ideology of the state was completely subordinated to religion, thus having an influence
on all branches of human life of human life. As we know, enlightenment was entirely
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dependent on religion, and literature could not be seen as a separate part of the verbal
arts, not Let alone children's literature. In the 15th century the rudiments of children's
literature began to appear because there was a need for literate people who they were
taught to read and write in their childhood. It was they were to occupy leading positions
in the administration of the Moscow state. Then Peter's reforms raised to a much new
level the importance of books for children, which had an encyclopedic character. Thus
each
historical era in its own way began to develop children's literature as an essential means
of educating the younger generation. The Golden Age of Russian of Russian literature
presented the world with a number of outstanding writers, who masterfully used the
traditions folk traditions in their works, which are still part of the circle of children's
reading circle today. We can conditionally call the 19th century the beginning of
of the formation of Russian children's literature, which that will lay the foundation for
the twentieth century's professional children's literature.
In discussing the history of the emergence of Russian children's literature, the
famous literary scholar B.Begak writes the following: "The history of children's books
The history of children's books goes back centuries. To those times when there was no
book as such as did not yet exist, but were a simple-hearted lullaby sung on holidays,
instructive grandmother's tales. What the great educator and artist - the people - created
for children contained the best qualities of the future children's literature:
entertainment, simplicity and clarity, lively humor, sometimes deeply hidden, but
always palpable... moral idea - the triumph of truth, good and evil". [2; 25].
The role of folklore in the development of literature, including children's literature
is very great. The relationship between children's folklore and children's literature is
one of the little-studied topics of literary studies. These two different types of word
culture are often considered separately from each other. We must note the fact that
children's literature and children's poetry, having formed independently in the last
century, became a space of rooting, renewal and resurrection of a variety of folklore
genres in the work of Russian writers.
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Russian folk tales have long been an important element of folk pedagogy. They are
recognized by scientific pedagogy and are firmly embedded in children's life. At
present much has been done in folkloristics in the field of studying the genre of fairy
tales, their genesis, history, poetics, style, peculiarities of everyday life, etc. Of all
folklore genres, the fairy tale is the most structured one and obeys certain laws more
than any other genre.
Skaz (from "to tell"). A tale is a narrative work of Russian
folklore, in the form of a common accent. (The Tale of Finist the Clear Falcon) 2 A
tale is the speech manner in which the narrators perform Russian bylinae [3; 504]. A
narrator is a storyteller of Russian folk tales. The narrator was not accidentally
considered not just a good knowledge, but believed that he has a magical power not
inherent in other people, sometimes considered almost a sorcerer or wizard Storytellers
did not memorize bylines or tales by heart. Each time the bylina sounded different.
A fantastic fairy tale world filled with wonders, secrets and magic has always
attracted children. The child is happy to dive into an imaginary world, actively acting
in it, creatively transforming it. This world seems unreal only to adults, but the child
perceives everything that happens in a fairy tale as reality. This is what his inner world
demands [4; 254].
The most ancient fairy tales are about animals. Then the magical ones, and then the
domestic ones. Every fairy tale has a mythological component, but we do not see it.
There are all the components of the universe. Without the mythological component,
the content of the tale will not be revealed. The fairy tale carries the basic values. A
child develops an idea of the ideal with the help of fairy tales. The hut was put on the
cockerel's head. The red corner is where they put icons and the stove-sacred place of
flame, comes from the woods-something alien. There are also psychological meanings,
domestic - this does not come off. The sunny bunny is a symbol of spring and warmth.
In the folk tale, the basis is a myth.
In a magical fairy tale, there is always a magical
hero, a magical remedy. The basic feature of the world of magic fairy tales is its
division into "our" and "not our" ("the tridevyatoe realm" of Russian fairy tales). The
hero goes to another world for a bride or miraculous objects.
A fairy tale is one of the
main genres of oral folklore. It is most often a prose oral story of fantastic, adventurous
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or everyday life with an emphasis on fiction. Tale is called a different prose works:
stories about animals, fairy tales, adventure stories, satirical anecdotes. First, for the
baby, a fairy tale about animals is a magical tale - a domestic tale - a satirical tale [4;
254].
A folk tale necessarily contains a pagan myth, which children, and often many
adults, do not grasp. The tale of the hare and the fox: The hut has all the components
of the universe. The hut was put on the cockerel's head. The red corner is where they
put icons and the stove is a holy place.
If the tale is about a fox and a rooster, then the rooster is the domestic hearth, and the
fox is a symbol of flame, coming from the forest, something alien. There is also a
psychological meaning, domestic-it doesn't come off. The sun bunny is a symbol of
spring and warmth. A.N. Afanasiev's Folk Russian Tales is the first fundamental
edition of fairy tales. Morozko - Moroz Ivanovich (Odoevsky).
Thus, myth is the basis, an integral part of the folk tale. In an effort to awaken the
best feelings in children, to protect them from callousness, selfishness and indifference,
folk colorfully depicted in fairy tales the struggle between the mighty forces of evil and
the forces of good, represented most often in the form of an ordinary person [5; 576].
And in order to strengthen a child's mental strength and instill confidence in the
inevitability of the victory of good over evil, fairy tales told how difficult this struggle
was and how courage, fortitude, and loyalty necessarily defeat evil, no matter how
terrible it was.
The same goals of moral education are served by fairy tales, which make fun of
such human vices as malice, arrogance, cowardice, stupidity. Many fairy tales draw the
attention of children to natural phenomena, the peculiarities of the appearance of birds,
animals and insects. Such fairy tales teach children to perceive the richness and
diversity of the world around them, cultivate an interest in it.
Folklore plays an important role in the education of children. Its division into
genres allows at a certain age of the child to enrich his spiritual world, develop
patriotism, respect for the past of his people, learning its traditions, learning moral and
ethical standards of behavior in society.
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Folklore develops children's oral speech, affects their spiritual development, their
imagination. Each genre of children's folklore teaches certain moral standards. For
example, a fairy tale, by associating animals with people, shows child standards of
behavior in society, and fairy tales develop not only imagination, but also ingenuity.
Proverbs, proverbs teach children folk wisdom, tried for centuries and has not lost its
relevance in our time. Song lyrics also have an impact on the education of children.
Most of it is used when the child is very young. For example, lullabies are sung to the
baby in order to calm him, to put him to sleep. Song lyrics also include ditties, fables,
bedtime stories, tongue twisters, counting rhymes. They are just aimed at the
development of children's hearing, speech, because they use a special combination of
sounds.
Therefore, a child's exposure to popular culture begins in childhood, where the basic
concepts and examples of behavior are laid down. Cultural heritage is passed from
generation to generation, developing and enriching the world of the child. Folklore is
a unique means of imparting folk wisdom and educating children in the early stages of
their development. Children's folklore gives the child fine examples of Russian folk
language, is one of the powerful means of development and enrichment of children's
speech.
Children's folklore should become a valuable means of educating the younger
generation, harmoniously combining spiritual richness, moral purity and physical
perfection.
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