Международный научно-образовательный электронный журнал

ФИО автора:
 Urinbaeva Gulrukhsor 
UzSWLU Master’s degree 
Название публикации:
«THE APPLICATION OF SEMANTIC AND 
COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION» 
Аnnotation: 
This article intends to discuss strategies in the translation of movies and 
show the ways to make translation easier from a distinct linguistic perspective while 
also taking into account cultural issues. Literature review, comparison, and case study 
are among the research methodologies used in the work. The translation of films has 
received a lot of attention recently. However, due to its unique qualities, there is 
disagreement on whether theories or methodologies should be used in cinema 
translation. Nowadays, two important translation strategies that have been proposed 
are communicative and semantic translation. 
Key words: 
strategies, semantic, communicative, movie, translation 
The main purpose of translation is to convey meaning from the source language 
to the target language. A good translator should have knowledge of both of the source 
and target languages, grammar and culture, as well as translating abilities. Skills and 
expertise in translation are effective tools for producing higher-quality work. 
Knowledge and comprehension may be obtained via reading and comprehending, 
while skills can be improved with additional practice. 
Because the key objective of translation is to convey "meaning," it is critical to 
learn about the philosophy of meaning. Semantics is a discipline of language studies 
concerned with the study of meaning. As a result, we can see that semantics is 
extremely crucial in translation. The function of semantics in translation will be briefly 
discussed in this study. Some international publications on semantics have been 
examined in order to determine whether semantics may play a role in translation. 

---

887 
The study of semantics provides ideas, methodologies, and procedures for 
comprehending meaning that is extremely valuable in translation. When translating a 
text, translators frequently encounter issues with meaning. Untranslatability, according 
to Catford, happens when it is difficult to include functionally significant aspects of the 
situation into the TL text's contextual meaning. These occur when the issue is 
linguistic, such as ambiguity (owing to a shared exponent of two or more SL 
grammatical or lexical elements and polysemy), and when the obstacle is cultural, such 
as oligosemy. 
There are some ways for examining the meaning of a word in semantics. Ogden 
and Richard suggest a triangle view of meaning, in which semantics, semiotics, 
pragmatics, and discourse are all connected. The idea is that in order to comprehend 
the meaning, we must also consider the context (pragmatic). 
Componential analysis is an additional approach to analysis. Componential 
analysis, also known as feature analysis or contrast analysis, is the process of 
describing the meaning of words using a structured collection of semantic 
characteristics that are labeled "present," "absent," or "indifferent" with respect to the 
feature. Componential analysis is a structural semantics approach for examining the 
structure of a word's meaning. As a result, it displays the culturally significant 
characteristics that allow speakers of the language to discern between distinct terms in 
the domain (Ottenheimer, 2006, p. 20). This is an extremely useful method for learning 
a new language and comprehending a certain semantic area of Ethnography. 

---

888 
A theory presented by Anna Wierzbicka known as Natural semantic 
metalanguage (NSM) uses basic culturally common concepts (semantic primes) as its 
vocabulary of semantic and pragmatic expression, which is also highly beneficial for 
translation studies. The normal linguistic component theory is based on facts that all 
languages connect a small but reliable component of simply shared understandings 
(conceptual primes), that all these meanings have concrete linguistic significant figures 
in all language groups as phrases or word-like utterances, and that they share 
grammatical structures of combination. That is, one may isolate a limited vocabulary 
and grammar in any natural language that has accurate analogs in all other languages. 
It appears that the number of semantic primes is in the low sixties. The fundamental 
meanings of English words such as someone / person, something/thing, people, say, 
words, do, think, desire, good, terrible, if, can, and because are just a few examples. 
Simple phrases and sentences can be formed by combining semantic primes according 
to grammatical structures that emerge to be general, such as 'people might think this is 
good,' 'it is severe if someone says more like this,' 'if you do something like this, people 
probably say something bad about you,' and so on. The natural semantic 
metalanguage's vocabulary and grammar combine to form a remarkably versatile and 
expressive "mini-language." As a result, understanding this principle is extremely 
useful in translation. 
People's expectations for the quality of their lives are increasing as the global 
economy improves. One after the other, several types of amusement emerge. The film, 
being the most popular form of entertainment, is continually absorbing good works 

---

889 
from other countries in order to suit people's expanding cultural requirements. 
Simultaneously, subtitle translation has become an essential component. The 
translation of film and television subtitles must adhere to specific guidelines and 
concepts. This article combines Newmark's communicative translation theory with his 
semantic translation theory, focusing on the two Newmark translation theories in the 
Harry Potter films to summarize the translation techniques and discover more 
appropriate subtitle translation approaches. 
The translator should use a distinct translation technique for different sorts of 
original content. Newmark offers the notions of semantic translation and 
communicative translation in light of this. It reduced the strain in the debate between 
literal and free translations while also improving the translation technique. The 
Newmark text-type translation theory gives an effective solution for the translation of 
various texts. "The impression of the translation created on the target reader should be 
as close as feasible to that produced on the original reader," according to Peter 
Newmark (1998). Semantic translation focuses on preserving the original text's 
distinctive linguistic expressions and qualities, whereas communicative translation 
focuses on expressing the original text's content in a more fluid language that is 
understandable to target readers. 
The contact between text and reader happens in literature within a framework that 
governs and restricts the interaction through genre, tone, structure, and the reader and 
author's social circumstances. Stuart Hall, a cultural theorist, is one of the most 
prominent proponents of reception theory, which he created for media and 

---

890 
communication studies from the literary and historical techniques discussed before. 
This method of textual analysis focuses on the audience's ability to engage in 
"negotiation" and "resistance" (Procter, 2004). This means that a "text"—whether it's 
a book, film, or other creative work—isn't just passively accepted by the audience, 
regardless of their cultural background or life experiences. In other words, the meaning 
of a text is formed by the interaction between the text and the reader, not by the text 
itself. but that the reader / viewer interprets the text's meanings depending on their own 
experiences. 
The new function of the reader in the literary process is suggested by reception 
theory, which divides the term "reader" into three categories. "Implied reader" and 
"actual reader" are terms used interchangeably. According to Holub (1984), the idea 
introduced the "implied reader" One of the most well-known works by Iser (1926) was 
thoughts that he took from dubious sources different theorists According to Holub 
(1984), the indicated reader a state of being and a meaning-making process Iser (1926) 
raises an important argument. that the supposed reader is a notion reception theory's 
cornerstone. Iser "This phrase [implied reader]," says (1926). encompasses both the 
pre-structuring and the post-structuring of the text's probable meaning, and 
Actualization of this potential by the reader throughout the reading procedure It alludes 
to "The process's dynamic character." 
Communication tactics are still vital in translation if you want to get the same 
reaction as the initial target language reader. Compensatory tactics, in particular, will 
surely help learners improve their expressive skills. Teachers can help students learn 

---

891 
communication methods and practice the target language by communicating these 
tactics to them. According to Neubert (2000: 3-18), translation needs a single 
competency that is made up of or may be deemed to integrate a collection of 
competencies that includes, for example, competence in both the source and target 
languages. 
The duty of the translator is unquestionably thankless. In contrast to conference 
or business interpreters (in certain situations), he rarely receives public recognition for 
his services. His name is lost in the ether, hidden in dictionaries, glossaries, the mazes 
of vast and tiny libraries, and the infinite branches of the Internet. As a result, the most 
important feature of a professional translator is his unending passion for his vocation, 
which is marked by constant search and nonstop effort. And this characteristic, which, 
if lacking, would certainly result in poor translations, should be instilled in the 
consciousness of the aspiring translator. 
Without any kind of preparation or conscious work, the student who simply 
enters the classroom makes his translation by paying attention to language, then goes 
home and returns the next class to work with whatever material his professor has 
decided to bring to class, will never rise above mediocrity. If a skilled translator must 
go from the field to the text many times, then that is exactly the order in which we 
should deliver our students' assignments. The prospective translator should develop the 
habit of ravenous study from the start and learn to look for whatever piece of material 
he requires for his profession. Only the professor's supervision, orientation, training, 
and encouragement will help to acquire these habits and abilities. 

---

892 
To produce a quality translation, the instructor must educate his pupil's specific 
techniques that may be utilized as tools in the translation process. These techniques 
will serve as a guide for him when he attempts to generate a similar meaning in the 
receptor language. Whatever the difficulties of the translation process, processes must 
focus on the message's substance and accuracy in transferring the meaning of the 
source language text to the target language text. 
In theory, verbal translation is directly aimed at the second reader, who does not 
assume any difficulties or ambiguities and would expect an expansive transition of 
foreign elements through his own culture as well as his language where appropriate. 
As a result, the semantic approach is likely to be smoother, simpler, clearer, more 
direct, more common, conforming to a specific register of language, and tending to 
under-translate. Essentially, communicative translation focuses on separating 
massages. This strategy focuses on the target language reader or listener, ensuring that 
there are no issues or ambiguities in the content, as well as the target language's 
efficacy. 
Communicative translation, which is placed at the level of language and 
understanding of the reader, is more likely to produce equivalent than semantic 
translation, which is set at the level of the writer. The literal to word for word 
translation is not just the finest in communicative and semantic translation, provided 
that a similar result is ensured. It is the only style of translation that is legitimate; there 
is no room in the only type of translation for superfluous synonyms or elegant 
modifications, let alone for a phrase. There is no single way for translating a document 

---

893 
that is both communicative and meaningful. In truth, these are overlapping hands of 
approaches; a translation might be more or less, semantic, more or less. Even a single 
chunk or sentence might be interpreted more or less semantically depending on its 
communicative value. 
A translator must understand the nature of meaning, potential alterations, the nature of 
the text, and SL decoding and RL encoding based on these assumptions. Meaning: 
Translators must study semantics in order to understand the many sorts of meaning and 
how to research meaning. Lexical semantics receives a lot of attention, but pragmatics 
and formal semantics receive very little (if any). 
A passive may be transformed to an active (perhaps explaining the topic), a 
metaphor may be converted to a simile, a rhetorical question may be transformed to a 
remark, and so on. Students are taught to identify the circumstances in which each 
adjustment should be made. Exercises are used to reinforce the training, sometimes to 
the point where the pupil develops a natural reflex. 
Translation, like any other communications activity, has its own set of 
communication methods that are adopted (consciously or subconsciously) to achieve 
communicative functions. Some tactics are well-established in translators' repertoires 
and are employed consciously, while others are utilized more automatically and less 
consciously. As a result, translation is a problem-solving activity, and communication 
methods are employed to resolve issues at all levels of linguistic representation in order 
to convey the message's true context to the active receptor's native tongue. 

---

894 
The goal of communicative translation is to replicate the SL text's exact context 
meaning. However, the readership should find both the subject and the language 
appropriate and understandable. In translation, it is common to translate emotive texts 
extremely loosely and instructive ones quite strictly. However, when the foregoing 
functions are taken into account, expressive texts are more author-centered, 
informative texts are more content-centered, and vocative texts are more reader-
centered. Furthermore, in terms of subtleties of meaning, words rather than sentences 
serve as the unit of translation. When compared to other text categories, expressive 
texts are usually smaller. As translators, we should be aware of this and strive to 
preserve the original's beauty. The cultural components of an expressive text should be 
transferred with care. In informative writings, they can be conveyed and explained, but 
in vocative texts, they can be substituted by cultural counterparts. Informative and 
vocative texts lend themselves well to communicative translation.