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ФИО авторов:
Nematullayeva Kamilla Axmadovna
2-year Master Degree student, studying English literature at UzSWLU
Supervisor:
Lixodzievskiy Anatoliy Stepanovich
Название публикации:
«UPTON SINCLAIR’S NOVEL “THE JUNGLE” AS A
CALL TO REASON»
ABSTRACT:
This article is dedicated to one of the well-known American authors
Upton Sinclair’s novel “The Jungle”. In our work we try to depict the main ideas that
lie under the book message and comparisons of the time being with today. This article
clarifies the problems narrated in the book and their influence on people’s life now and
then.
KEYWORDS:
muckraking, socialism, capitalism, shocking conditions, journalism,
laws, regulations.
“I aimed at the public’s heart and
by accident I hit it in the stomach.”
Upton Sinclair, “The Jungle”.
Upton Sinclair is the author of over ninety books, novels and essays and he is
famously remarked as well as remembered for his novel “The Jungle”. Upton Beall
Sinclair was born in Maryland in the U.S.A and grew up as an American novelist and
journalist. He dedicated his works to different genres, however he gained his
everlasting popularity in the first half of twenties century by his classic muckraking
novel
The Jungle
. He wrote his novel in 1906, but nearly for a century original version
of his novel remained almost unknown. In order to make his novel much more
believable and specific he had to spent seven weeks working in meat packing plants of
Chicago. The author gathered all information about the horrific conditions of meat
packing industry in the U.S
70
.
These direct experiments revealed all conditions of meat
packaging industry, which caused a public outcry that partially contributed to result
70
Early socialism in the United States – HowStuffWorks. Web, 1 Feb
897
two pieces of legislations, The Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act
and both those acts were signed in 1906 since many people likely stopped purchasing
their meat from the yards and began to search other places to buy meat.
In The Jungle, Sinclair narrates about Jurgis Rudkus and his extended family. It
was very harsh times. All Jurgis’s family and friends had to leave their countryside
Lithuania and emigrate to an industrial city Chicago. Jurgis got married to his fifteen-
years- old sweetheart Ona. They all rent a house and everyone, even the children in the
family had to work to stay alive and set out to live the American Dream. Jurgis was
very optimist initially despite everything he had undergone before coming and renting
a house. They were conned on the way to Chicago and they had to pay a great amount
of money for the wedding. But things went wrong and changed into no longer to be.
Things go rapidly downhill, as they brutalized by the work and exploited by the corrupt
economic system. The heroes die one after another. His wife dies while giving a birth
of her son Antanas. Antanas also drowns in a puddle in the street. Sinclair used all his
skills to represent all the awful things that might happen to a person in streets, saloons,
farms and factories of Chicago. Unsafe and illegal situations are very clearly detailed
with the help of the heroes and heroines of the book. Industrial Chicago was a man-
made version of capitalism.
Initially, Sinclair’s purpose of writing his novel was different, however, by
spending seven weeks in meat packing plants he changed his goals. He wanted to
stimulate outcry at the practice of selling unhealthy meat to the public and to arouse
sympathy for the workers who worked in the unsafe conditions of factories. Revealing
such shocking conditions in industry resulted his book became a beacon for social and
political changes.
Despite the fact that, “The Jungle” is a work of fiction, Sinclair’s absolute derails
and images links the work to a type of journalism named “muckraking” which was
very popular in that century. Beyond the shocking and horrific environment, Sinclair
focuses also on the bodily harm that labors experience: “…
He is a beef-boner, and
that is a dangerous trade, especially when you are on piecework and trying to earn a
898
bride. Your hands are slippery and your knife is slippery and you are toiling like mad,
when somebody happens to speak to you, or you strike a bone. Then your hand slides
up on the blade, and there is a fearful gash…”
71
.
Sinclair was a member of socialist
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