Международный научно-образовательный электронный журнал «образование и наука в XXI веке». Выпуск №19 (том 3)


"...I render not a word by a word, but a



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"...I render not a word by a word, but a 
thought by a thought".
Failure to observe this key principle of translation often leads 
to literal translation, i.e. translation 
"word for word"
. The result is not only a violation 
of language norms, but also a distortion of the meaning of the original. 
One of the characteristics of public speech is neologisms - new words or 
meanings not yet registered in dictionaries. In translating them, transcription, 
transliteration, calquing or descriptive translation techniques are usually used. For 
example, examples of 
transcribing neologisms
: p.r. (public relations) - пиар; 
transliteration
: inauguration - инаугурация; 
calquing
: shadow cabinet - теневой 
кабинет; 
descriptive translation
: hot-potato issue - злободневный, жгучий вопрос 
[7]. Neologisms can be formed in different contexts and acquire extended meanings. 
For example, the word "confrontation" originally meant a confrontation, a comparison. 
Over time, it began to be used to mean "confrontation of armed forces". Nowadays, it 
has taken on the meaning of "open clash, confrontation". 
Neologisms can fulfil a range of functions in oratorical composition: they can 
create new images for well-known concepts, they can help to convince an audience of 
their rightness by affecting the sensual level of perception. Persuasion at this level 
occurs through a person's emotional perception, evoking love or hate, sowing sadness 
or joy. 
To understand the specifics of creating and translating an orator's speech, we 
need to analyze political speeches dedicated to great historical events. As an example, 
I have chosen an excerpt from American preacher, public figure and activist, who 


883 
became famous as the most prominent representative and leader of the Black civil 
rights movement in the USA Martin Luther King Jr. delivered on August. 28
th
1963. 

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