§ 45. Past Perfect hardly, scarcely, no sooner равишлари мавжуд бўлганида бош гапда ишлатилади. Эргаш гапда эса Past Indefinite ишлатилади:
He had hardly (scarcely) entered the house, when it started to rain.
У уйга кириши биланоқ ёмғир ёғишни бошлади.
No sooner had he arrived, than he fell ill. У етиб келиши биланоқ касал бўлди.
Past Perfect нинг ишлатилиш холатлари умумий жадвали
№
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Ифодаланадиган иш-харакат
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Мисол
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Таржимаси
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1
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Ўтган замондаги аниқ бир п а й т г а ч а с о д и р б ў л г а н иш-харакат
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I had translated the article by five o’clock.
They had shipped the goods when your telegram arrived.
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Мен соат бешгача мақолани таржима қилиб бўлган эдим.
Телеграммангиз етиб келганида улар молларни юклаб бўлган эдилар.
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The Future Perfect Tense (Тугалланган келаси замон)
Future Perfect Tense нинг ясалиши
§ 46. 1. Future Perfect to have ёрдамчи феълининг келаси замон шакли (shall have, will have) ва асосий феълнинг ўтган замон сифатдош шакли (Past Participle) ёрдамида ясалади: I shall have worked, he will have worked, we shall have worked.
2. С ў р о қ шаклида биринчи ёрдамчи феъл эгадан олдин қўйилади: Shall I have worked? Will he have worked? Shall we have worked?
3. Б ў л и ш с и з шакли not юкламасини биринчи ёрдамчи феълдан кейин қўйиш билан ясалади: I shall not have worked, he will not have worked, we shall not have worked.
4. С ў р о қ – б ў л и ш с и з шаклида not юкламаси эгадан кейин қўйилади: Shall I not have worked? Will he not have worked? Shall we not have worked?
Бўлишли шакли
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Сўроқ шакли
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Бўлишсиз шакли
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Сўроқ-бўлишсиз шакли
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I shall have worked
He (she, it) will have worked
We shall have worked
You will have worked
They will have worked
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Shall I have worked?
Will he (she, it) have worked?
Shall we have worked?
Will you have worked?
Will they have worked?
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I shall not have worked
He (she, it) will not have worked
We shall not have worked
You will not have worked
They will not have worked
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Shall I not have worked?
Will he (she, it) not have worked?
Shall we not have worked?
Will you not have worked?
Will they not have worked?
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5. Сўзлашувда Future Indefinite да ишлатиладиган қисқартмалар ишлатилади (қаранг: Future Indefinite Tense нинг ясалиши мавзуси, 5-пункт): I’ll have worked, he’ll have worked; I shan’t have worked, I’ll not have worked, he won’t have worked, he’ll not have worked; Shan’t I have worked? Won’t he have worked? ва бошқалар.
Future Perfect Tense нинг ишлатилиши
§ 47. Future Perfect к е л а с и з а м о н д а г и а н и қ б и р п а й т г а ч а с о д и р б ў л и б т у г а й д и г а н келаси замон иш-харакатларини ифодалаш учун ишлатилади. Иш-харакатнинг содир бўлиб тугаш пайти қуйидагилар билан ифодаланиши мумкин:
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