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motion, e.g.: Sam frightened (coaxed, lured) Bob out of the room.
II. The Implication of Actual Motion: if motion is not strictly entailed, it must be
presumed as an implication and can be determined pragmatically, e.g.: Sam
asked (invited, urged) him into the room.
III. Causations can be Conventionalized Causations – causations which involve an
intermediate cause, i.e. are indirect, but cognitively packaged as a single
event, e.g.: The invalid owner ran his favorite horse (in the race).
IV. Incidental Motion Causations: incidental motion is a result of the activity
causing the change of state which is performed in a conventional way. It
means that the path of motion may be specified and the causation may be
encoded by the Caused-Motion Construction, e.g.:
Sam shredded the papers
into the garbage pail
.
The action performed by the agent typically implies
some predictable incidental motion.
V. Path of Motion: the path of motion must be completely determined by the
causal force. Which paths count as “completely determined” is in part a matter
of pragmatics, e.g.: They
laughed the poor guy into his car.
The semantic constraints have been proposed in an attempt to show principled
patterns where there seems to be idiosyncrasy (compare the examples with relative
verbs:
Pat coaxed him into the room
. – sounds correct, while
Pat encouraged him
into
the room
. – does not). (For details see: Goldberg Adele E., 1995).
The main value of A.Goldberg’s observation of the senses encoded by the
constructions is that it deals with the analysis of the conceptual constituents of
the events, such as agent, patient, causer, path , as well as the processual
parameters of events (aspectual characteristics, characteristics of motion – directed
motion, self-propelled motion, etc.) The constituent content is determined by
lexical semantics and general world knowledge.
The linguistic investigations within the cognitive approach for the present
give the priority to the issue of concepts represented by the simple sentence.
Thus, it has been stated that syntactic concepts represent both linguistic and extra-
linguistic knowledge in their structure (N.N. Boldyrev and L.A. Fours); it has
been observed that the simple sentence as a linguistic unit represents not only a
single event but also an event complex, when the syntactic pattern shapes two
distinct events into a unitary one – the phenomenon termed by L.Talmy “event
integration”. In other words, the linguists have performed a study of the nature
and structure of concepts represented by the simple sentence.
The basic target of
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