Investigating Social D y n a m i c s
2 5 9
circle. Lewis's "Inner Ring" is the elusive Camelot of acceptance into some special
group, some privileged association, that confers instant status and enhanced
identity. Its lure for most of us is obvious—who does not want to be a member of
the "in-group"? Who does not want to know that she or he has been tried and
found worthy of inclusion in, of ascendance into, a new, rarifled realm of social
acceptability?
Peer pressure has been identified as one social force that makes people, espe-
cially adolescents, do strange things—anything—to be accepted. However, the
quest for the Inner Ring is nurtured from within. There is no peer-pressure power
without that push from self-pressure for T h e m to want You. It makes people will-
ing to suffer through painful, humiliating initiation rites in fraternities, cults, so-
cial clubs, or the military. It justifies for many suffering a lifelong existence
climbing the corporate ladder.
This motivational force is doubly energized by what Lewis called the "terror
of being left outside." This fear of rejection when one wants acceptance can crip-
ple initiative and negate personal autonomy. It can turn social animals into shy
introverts. The imagined threat of being cast into the out-group can lead some
people to do virtually anything to avoid their terrifying rejection. Authorities can
command total obedience not through punishments or rewards but by means of
the double-edged weapon: the lure of acceptance coupled with the threat of rejec-
tion. So strong is this human motive that even strangers are empowered when
they promise us a special place at their table of shared secrets—"just between you
and m e . "
5
A sordid example of these social dynamics came to light recently when a
forty-year-old woman pleaded guilty to having sex with five high school boys and
providing them and others with drugs and alcohol at weekly sex parties in her
home for a full year. She told police that she had done it because she wanted to be
a "cool mom." In her affidavit, this newly cool mom told investigators that she
had never been popular with her classmates in high school, but orchestrating
these parties enabled her to begin "feeling like one of the group."
6
Sadly, she
caught the wrong Inner Ring.
Lewis goes on to describe the subtle process of initiation, the indoctrination
of good people into a private Inner Ring that c a n have malevolent consequences,
turning them into "scoundrels." I cite this passage at length because it is such an
eloquent expression of how this basic h u m a n motive c a n be imperceptibly per-
verted by those with the power to admit or deny access to their Inner Ring. It will
set the stage for our excursion into the experimental laboratories and field settings
of social scientists who have investigated such phenomena in considerable depth.
To nine out of ten of you the choice which could lead to scoundrelism will
come, when it does come, in no very dramatic colors. Obviously bad men,
obviously threatening or bribing, will almost certainly not appear. Over a
drink or a cup of coffee, disguised as a triviality and sandwiched between
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