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The Lucifer Effect
Is it possible that the SPE's main message of situational power was co-opted
by the Pentagon and utilized in its torture training programs? I would not like to
believe that; however, one recent critique makes that claim rather powerfully.
"This appears to be the experiment that informs torture in Iraq . . . A situa-
tion is created—made worse by understaffing, danger, and no outside indepen-
dent controls—and with a little encouragement (never specific instructions to
torture) guards do torture. This situation and this torture are now widely recog-
nized in U.S. prisons in I r a q . . . . The U.S. administration's advantage in the Stan-
ford experiment 'situation' is that it provides deniability—there are no orders to
torture, but the situation can be predicted to cause i t . "
4 1
The authors of this opinion go on to specify that this is more than mere specu-
lation because the Stanford Prison Experiment is singled out in the Schlesinger
Committee Report investigating the Abu Ghraib abuses. They argue that "[t]he
publication of information about this experiment in an official document, linking
it to conditions in U.S. military prisons, further reveals chain of command respon-
sibility for policy." The key link to the SPE in the Schlesinger Report is how it high-
lighted the power of the pathological situation created in our experimental
prison.
"The negative, anti-social reactions observed were not the product of an en-
vironment created by combining a collection of deviant personalities, but rather,
the result of an intrinsically pathological situation which could distort and
rechannel the behavior of essentially normal individuals. The abnormality here
resided in the psychological nature of the situation and not in those who passed
through i t . "
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Crossovers into Popular Culture
Three examples of how our experiment has crossed the boundary from the ivory
tower into the realms of music, theater, and art come from a rock group, a Ger-
man movie, and the art of a Polish artist whose "art form" was exhibited at the
2 0 0 5 Venice Biennale. "Stanford Prison Experiment" (minus the "The") is the
name of a rock band from Los Angeles whose intense music is "a fusion of punk
and noise," according to its leader, who learned about the SPE as a student at
UCLA.
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Das Experiment is a German film based on the SPE that has been widely
shown around the world. This attribution of Das Experiment, as inspired by the
SPE, gives legitimacy and a real-world quality to this "fantasy," as the scriptwriter
called it. It purposely confuses viewers about what did happen in our study with
the liberties that were taken for the sake of sensationalism. It ends up being a vul-
gar display of sexism and gratuitous sexuality and violence with no redeeming
value.
Although some viewers found the film exciting, the movie was panned in
critical reviews, such as these by two well-known British film critics. The Ob-
server's reviewer concluded, " 'The Experiment' is an improbable thriller of no
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