192
The Lucifer Effect
Another curious character transformation of someone only tangentially as-
sociated with our study is found among "additional anecdotes" in the Warden's
Log. Recall my serious psychologist colleague who challenged me in the midst of
my frantic efforts to deceive the anticipated intruders by alleging the study had
been terminated. He demanded to know, "What is the independent variable?"
Jaffe's notes indicate that "Dr. B. visited on Tuesday night when the prisoners
had been moved to the fifth floor closet. He and his wife went upstairs to see the
prisoners. Mrs. B. passed out cupcakes, while Dr. B. made at least two comments
ridiculing the prisoners, one concerning their manner of dress, and the other
concerning the stench of the place. This pattern of 'getting into the act' occurred
with almost every outside visitor."
While his wife gave the participants some "tea and sympathy," my usually re-
served colleague unexpectedly treated these students in a dehumanized way that
likely made them feel shamed.
On Hellmann's "Little Experiments"
Let's look back at the Volunteer Background Form that Hellmann completed a
week before the start of the experiment in order to get a sense of what he was like
in his preguard status. I was amazed to learn that he was only an eighteen-year-
old sophomore student, among our youngest participants. His counterpart, Ar-
nett, was one of the oldest. Hellmann came from a middle-class academic family,
the youngest sibling of four older sisters and a brother. At six feet two and 175
pounds, with green eyes and blond hair, he was an imposing figure. This young
man identified himself as a musician and "a scientist at heart." His self-description
indicated, "I live a natural life and love music and food and other people." He
added, "I have a great love for my fellow human beings."
In response to the question "What do people like most about you?" Hellmann
radiated confidence: "People at first admire me because of my talent and outgoing
personality. Few know my real capabilities at human relationships."
In response to the negative version, "What do people like least about you?"
Hellmann gave us an insight into this young man's complex character and a hint
of what is to come when he is given absolute power. He wrote, "My impatience
with stupidity, a total disregard for people whose life style I do not agree with. My
exploitation of some people, my bluntness, my confidence." Finally, let's add to
the mix that this volunteer said that he preferred to be assigned to the prisoner
role rather than to be a guard "because people resent guards."
With that character reference in mind, it is now instructive to review his post-
experiment reflections on what he perceived his role was in this study.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: