The Lucifer Effect
positive evaluation: "He was a real good guy. I have nothing but good things to say
about Chuck. Never once did he give anyone a problem." His mother recorded her
pride in his high school yearbook: "You have always made your father and me
proud of you. You are the b e s t . "
4 3
However, on the other side of the ledger is a Graner who is reported to have
physically abused his wife, who finally divorced him. Media accounts indicate that
he was also disciplined several times when he worked as a maximum-security
prison corrections officer.
On the Tier 1A night shift, all external constraints on Graner's antisocial be-
havior were gone with the wind. Chaos and casual intimacies replaced military
discipline; any semblance of a strong authority structure was nowhere in sight;
and with the constant encouragement by military intelligence and civilian con-
tract interrogators for him to "soften up" detainees prior to interrogation, Graner
was readily led into temptation.
Charles Graner was totally sexualized in that permissively volatile setting. He
was having a sexual affair with Lynndie England, documenting it in many pho-
tos. He made an Iraqi women prisoner expose her breasts and genitals while he
photographed her. It is reported that Graner forced group masturbation among
the prisoners and ordered naked male prisoners to crawl around on the ground
"so that their genitalia had to drag along the floor," while he shouted at them that
they were "fucking f a g s . "
4 4
In addition, Graner was the one who first thought of
piling naked prisoners in a pyramid. And when a group of naked prisoners with
bags over their heads was forced to masturbate in front of male and female sol-
diers, Graner jokingly told Lynndie England that "the line of masturbating de-
tainees was a gift for her birthday."
4 5
After his trial, Chip Frederick wrote to me about Graner, "I don't put all the
blame on him. He just had a way about him to get you to think that everything
was Okay. I am very sorry for my actions and if I could go back to Oct 2 0 0 3 , I
would do things differently.... I wish that I could have been s t r o n g e r . . . "
4 6
Specialist Matthew Wisdom, who first reported the abuses to his superiors in
November 2 0 0 3 (though his complaint was ignored), gave testimony in Graner's
trial. He said that Graner enjoyed beating inmates and moreover that he had
laughed, whistled, and sung while abusing them. When Specialist Joe Darby
asked Graner about a shooting that had taken place on the tier, Graner handed
him two CDs filled with the incriminating photographs. Upset at the immorality of
the scenes they depicted. Darby asked Graner what they signified to him. Graner
replied, "The Christian in me says it's wrong, but the corrections officer in me
says, I love to make a grown man piss himself."
Chip Frederick still regrets coming under Graner's influence. Here is one in-
stance where there was predictive validity of Chip's personality tendencies to con-
form and comply. Recall the conclusions from his psychological assessment: Chip
usually fears being rejected by others, and so in any disagreement, he often gives
way in order to be accepted; he changes his mind to accommodate others so that
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