Lesson Reading: My Hobby Grammar: Word order. Alternative questions. Prepositional objects. Prepositions of place and direction. Writing: Advantages and disadvantages essay Speaking: My University My Hobby

Word order - So'z tartibi

Ingliz tilida gap tuzish uchun so'zlarning tartibiga rioya qilish shart. Gapdagi so'zlarning joylashuvi quyidagi tartibda bo'ladi:
1. Subject - ega.
Gapning bosh bo'lagi. Gap asosan kim yoki nima haqida ketoyotgan bo'lsa o'sha egadir.
2. Verb - fe'l.
Harakatni ifodalovchi so'z.
3. Object - to'ldiruvchi.
Subjectning harakatini to'ldiruvchi so'z.
Uchchalasi doim shu tartibda bo'ladi. Qo'shimcha so'zlar ulardan keyin yoziladi:
Bobur reads a book evary day
- Bobur har kuni kitob o'qiydi.
Bu gapda Bobur - subject, reads - verb, a book - object.
Ulardan so'ng joy va vaqtni anglatuvchi so'zlar kelishi mumkin. Eslab qolamiz, doim joyni bildiruvchi so'z vaqtni bildiruvchi so'zdan oldin keladi. Har ikkalasi ham subject, verb va objectlardan keyin keladi:
We arrived to the airport at 7 o'clock
- Biz aeroportga soat yettida yetib keldik.
So'zlarning joylashuvini eslab qoling:
I had my breakfast in the garden this morning
- Men bu tongda nonushtamni bog'da qildim.
I - subject,
had - verb,
my breakfast - object,
in the garden - place (joy),
this morning - time (vaqt).
Bulardan birorta so'zning o'rni almashib qolsa, biri boshqasidan oldin qo'yilib qolsa, gap xato tuzilgan bo'ladi.
Quyidagi so'zlar gapda subject (ega)dan keyin, verb (fe'l)dan oldin yoki ikki verb (fe'l)ning orasida keladi:
always - doim, usually - odatda, often - tez-tez, sometimes - gohida, rarely/seldom - kamdan kam, never - hech qachon, also - ham, just - hozirgina, still - haliyam, already - allaqachon, both - ikkalasi ham, all - hamma.
Bu so'zlarning fe'ldan oldin kelishi:
I always go to work by car
- Men doim ishga mashinada boraman.
They all live in Tashkent
- Ular hammasi Toshkentda yashaydi.
Bu so'zlar doim "To be" (am/is/are/was/were) fe'llaridan keyin keladi:
In winter it is often very cold here
- Qishda bu yerda tez-tez sovuq bo'lib turadi.
They are both doctors
- Ularning ikkalasi ham shifokor.
Yuqoridagi so'zlar ikkita fe'l o'rtasida kelishi ham mumkin. Avval am/is/are, was/were/, have/has, do/can/will va hokazo fe'llar keladi, keyin yuqoridagi so'zlardan biri, keyin yana bitta fe'l keladi:
Do you usually go home by car?
- Uyga odatda mashinada ketasizmi?
I can never remember his name
- Men uning ismini hech eslab qola olmayman.
He is often ill
- U tez-tez kasal bo'ladi.