Laboratoriya

6-“ ” sinf o`quvchisi

__________________________ning

BOTANIKA fanidan

LABORATORIYA

mashg`uloti daftari

Sana:

1-laboratoriya mashg'uloti.

Ildiz turlari va ildizning tuzilishini o'rganish

Maqsad: Bug’doy maysasi misolida ildizning tashqi va ichki tuzilishini o’rganish orqali o’simlik hujayra tuzilishi va to’qimalari haqida bilimlarni mustahkamlash, ildiz tuzilishi haqida umumiy ma’lumotga ega bo’lish.

Jihoz. Mikraskop, lupa, loviya, bug’doy o’simligining bankada o’stirilgan mayasalari, ildizlari.

Mashg’ulotning bajarilish tartibi.

1. Gerbariy va tirik o'simliklaraing ildiz turlarini o'rganing. Ulardan qaysilari o'q va popuk ildiz tizimi ekanligini kuzating. Ildiz tizimining rasmini chizing.

2. Makkajo'xori, qulupnay, ajriq misolida qo'shimcha ildizlami ko'rib chiqing va rasmini chizing.

3. Oziq moddalar to'playdigan o'qildizdan hosil bo'lgan ildizmevalar: sabzi, lavlagi, rediska, sholg'om, turpni ko'rib,chiqing va rasmini chizing.

Ildizning tashqi tuzilishi	Ildizning ichki tuzilishi

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Sana:

2-laboratoriya mashg'uloti

Kurtaklarning tuzilishi va novdada joylashishini o'rganish

Maqsad: Kurtaklarning tuzilishi va novda joylashishi haqida bilimlarni mustahkamlash, ular haqida umumiy ma’lumotga ega bo’lish.

Jihoz. lupa, terak, o’rik , olma, tol kurtaklari

Mashg’ulotning bajarilish tartibi.

1. Terak, tol, nastarin, o'rik, olma shoxlaridagi uchki va yon kurtak- " larni ko'rib chiqing va ularni bir-biriga taqqoslang: a) qaysilarining kur- 1 taklari yirik, qaysilariniki maydaligini aniqlang; b) kurtaklar ketma-ket, I qarama-qarshi, halqasimon joylashganini ko'rib chiqing; d) uchki kurtak va yon kurtaklarni ko'rib chiqing. 2. Yirik kurtaklardan bir nechtasini uzunasiga kesib, ichki tuzilishini lupada ko'ring va ular boshlang'ich poyalar, barglar va qobiqdan tashkil topganini ko'rib, rasmini chizing.

3. Generativ va vegetativ kurtaklarni aniqlang va ularni taqqoslang.

4. Ko'rgan kurtaklaringizning tashqi va ichki tuzilishi rasmini chizing.

1._____________________ 1___________________

2.___________________ 2___________________

3.____________________ 3_______ ____________

Jadvalni to’ldiring.

Kurtaklari yirik o’simliklar	Kurtaklari mayda o’simliklar

Kurtaklarning poyada joylashishi.

Ketma – ket	Qarama-qarshi	Halqasimon joylashishi

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Sana:

3-laboratoriya mashg'uloti.

Bargning tashqi tuzilishini o'rganish

Maqsad: Bargning tashqi va ichki tuzilishini o’rganish orqali o’simliklarda barglarning tuzilishi va to’qimalari haqida bilimlarni mustahkamlash, barglarning vazifalari haqida umumiy ma’lumotga ega bo’lish.

Jihoz. lupa, o’simlik barglari, gerbariy namunalari, xona o’simliklari

Mashg’ulotning bajarilish tartibi.

Laboratoriya ishi tarqatilgan barglar, gerbariy namunalari va xona o'simliklarini o'rganish orqali amalga oshiriladi.

1. Bandli va bandsiz barglar tuzilishi bilan tanishiladi.

2. Barglarning tomirlanish turlari bilan lupa yordamida tanishiladi.

3. Oddiy va murakkab barglar bilan tanishiladi.

4. Chetlari butun, o'yilgan, barg plastinkasi ikki-uch karra qirqilgan o'simliklar bilan tanishiladi.

5. Barg plastinkasining bir nechta turi daftarga chizib olinadi.

6. Bargning asosiy qismlari belgilanadi va daftarga chizib olinadi.

1.__________________ 1.__________________

2.___________________ 2.___________________

3.___________________ 3.___________________

4.___________________

Jadvalni to’ldiring

Oddiy barglar	Murakkab barglar	Bandli barglar	Bandsiz burglar

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Sana:

4-laboratoriya mashg'uloti.

Gul va to'pgullarning tuzilishi bilan tanishish

Maqsad: Gul va uning asosiy qismlari bilan tanishish, tuzilishini lupa ostida ko’rib o’rganish, changdon va gul tugunchasining mikraskopik tuzilishini o’rganish.

Jihoz. Mikrasko’p, lupa, tomizg’ich, gul modekkari, gerbariy to’plamiv atbiiy o’simlik gullari.

Mashg’ulotning bajarilish tartibi.

1. Gulning asosiy qismlari bilan tanishing.

2. Pinset yordamida gulning kosachabargi, tojbargi, changchi va urug'chilarini ajratib olib, lupa orqali ko'ring va ularning gul o'rnida joylashish tartibini aniqlang.

3. Oddiy va murakkab gulqo'rg'onli gullarni bir-biri bilan solishtiring.

4. To'g'ri va qiyshiq gullarni solishtiring.

5. Lupa yordamida changchi va urug'chining tuzilishini o'rganing.

6. To'pgullarning turlari bilan tanishing.

7. Gulning tuzilishini va to'pgul turlarining rasmlarini daftaringizga chizing.

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Jadvalni to’ldiring

Oddiy gulqorg’onli osimliklar	Murakkab gulqo’rg’onli o’somliklar	To’g’ri gullar	Quyshiq gullar

Jadvalni to’ldiring

	To’pgullarni nomi	Tuzilishi	Misollar
Oddiy	Shingil Boshoq Soyabon Savatcha So’ta
Murakkab	Murakkab boshoq Murakkab soyabon Po’vach

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Sana:

5-laboratoriya mashg'uloti.

Mevalarning tuzilishi va xilma-xilligini o'rganish

Maqsad: Mevalarning tuzilishi, ularning turlari , ichki va tashqi tuzilishi, ahamiyati haqida umumiy ma’lumotga ega bo’lish.

Jihoz. o’simliklarning urug’lari, mevalari

Mashg’ulotning bajarilish tartibi.

1.O’simliklar urug’lari to’plamidan urug’lar qaysi meva turiga kirishi aniqlanadi.

2.Quruq mevalar va ular qaysi o’simliklarga xosligi aniqlanadi. Ular orasidan chatnaydigan va chatnamaydiganlari farqlanadi.

3.Xo’l mevalar va ular qaysi o’simliklarga xosligi aniqlanadi.

4-Mevalarning hilma-hilligi chizib olinadi va ularning asosiy belgilari ko’rsatiladi.






Tajribalar asosida quyidagi jadvalda berilgan mevalar nomini yozib chiqing va turlarini aniqlang.
1-jadval

	Mevalar xillari	Urug’lari soni	Tuzilishining nomi	O’simlik nomi	Misol
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2
3
4
5
6

Xo’l meva	Quruq meva	Chatnaydigan	Chatnamaydigan

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Sana:

6-laboratoriya mashg'uloti

Urug'ning tuzilishi va unishini o'rganish.

Maqsad: urug’ning tuzilishiniloviya urug’i va bug’doy doni misolida o’rganish va uning unib chiqishi uchun qanday sharoit kerakligi haqida ma’lumotga ega bo’lish.

Jihoz. Urug’ to’plamlari, lupa, mikrasko’p

Mashg’ulotning bajarilish tartibi.

1. Ikki urug'pallali o'simliklardan loviya urug'ining tuzilishini o'rganing.

2. Bir urug'pallali o'simliklardan bug'doy donining tuzilishini o'rganing.

3. Loviya urug'i va bug'doy donining tuzilishini taqqoslang.

4. Loviya urug'i yoki bug'doy donini suv bilan namlangan qipiq solingan shisha bankaga joylashtiring va vaqti-vaqti bilan namlab turing.

5. Har kuni unayotgan urug'dan bittadan ajratib olib quritib qo'ying.

6. 10-12 kundan so'pg tajribani yakunlang, urug'ning unishini va undan nishning rivojlanishini ko'rsatuvchi kolleksiya yarating.