Festivals in
Britain and Ireland
Some festivals are religious, when people meet because of their faith
for special prayers and celebration, while som e festivals celebrate
literature and music. Others are sim ply a time for having fun. Here
you will read about four festivals from Britain and Ireland.
E n g l a n d : th e G l a s t o n b u r y F e s t i v a l o f C o n t e m p o r a r y
Performing Arts
The Glastonbury Festival is the largest open-air festival of music and
the perform ing arts in the world. It takes place near the village of
Pilton in the county of Som erset in south-west England, six miles ’
east of the town of Glastonbury. Since the M iddle Ages, some people
have thought that Glastonbury is the legendary place called Avalon,
where the dying King Arthur w as taken after his final battle.
A farm er called M ichael E av is o rg an ised the first G laston b u ry
Festival (then called the Pilton Festival) in 1970. H is aim w as to
encourage youth culture, m usic and creativity. Tickets cost £1 and
1,500 people attended.
Thirty-five years later in 2005, more tlian 150,000 tickets, costing £125
each, were all sold in less than three hours! And a huge amount of
money, £1,350,000, w as given to charities 2 such as Greenpeace and
Oxfam, and also to local causes for Pilton and the people who live
1
. m ile : a b o u t 1.6 k ilo m e tre s .
2. c h a r i t i e s : t h e s e o r g a n i s a t i o n s g e t m o n e y f r o m t h e public in o r d e r to
give t h e m o n e y t o p eop le who a r e ill or in tro u b le , o r t o c a u s e s t h a t
help people.
The
Glastonbury FVslival.
Tlit* Pyramid sla g e , wilh liie audience and a
giaiil sc-retui in tlie foregroumi and the Kiiglish i-ountryside in die hac-kjirouiKi
there. But one thing hasn't changed: Michael Eavis is still in charge of
the festival.
The G lasto n b u ry F e stiv al is m ost fam o u s for music. There are
different areas and stages, each for different kinds of music. The most
fam ous is the Pyramid Stage. The original stage w as built in 1981, but
it w as destroyed by a fire in 1994, and the current Pyramid Stage was
built in 2000. The most important bands perform on this stage.
Other areas include 'The Dance Village', for those who like dance
music, 'The Other Stage', where a lot of popular bands play, and T he
Acoustic Tent' and 'Jazz World Stage', which are more relaxed areas.
There are also areas for comedy, theatre and other arts, and in 'The
Green Area' you can leam about alternative medicine. i
1.
a l t e r n a t i v e m e d i c in e : w a y s o f t r e a t i n g illnesses that sre d i f f e r e n t
f r o m t h e tra d itio n a l s c i e n t i f i c m e th o d s ; o n e exam ple is a cu p u n c tu re .
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Scotland: the Edinburgh Military Tattoo
The Edinburgh International Festival started in 1947 and is one of the
largest and m ost important celebrations of the arts in the world.
The Edinburgh Military Tattoo is part of the Edinburgh International
Festival. T attoo' is an old word meaning a military exercise which is
done to entertain people. For more than fifty years Edinburgh Castle
has become a stage for som e of the best military bands from all over
the world. Every year, more than 200,000 people come to Edinburgh
to see the three-week Tattoo Festival, while millions of people watch
it on television all over the world.
The Tattoo starts in the evening with em otional m usic. This is to
remind the audience that the 1,000 musicians that take part are also
soldiers, and that their music has given them courage when they had
Pipers and drum m ers play at the E d in b u r g h M ilila ry T a t l o o .
In the background is Edinl)iir^h Castle.
Traditional costum es are worn
at the E isle tld lb il. The horn
w as once a container for wine;
it is a sym bol o f welcome.
to fight. Scottish pipers and drum m ers ’
are the m ain p art o f the T attoo, but
there are dancers too.
At the end o f the even in g all o f the
1,000 perform ers play together. Then
just one piper plays on his own, there
are firew orks and everyone sin g s the
traditional Scottish son g 'A u ld L an g
Syne', which celebrates friendship that
lasts through the years.
W ales: the E iste d d fo d
T he
E i s t e d d f o d , 2 th e m o s t f a m o u s
annual festival in Wales, is an ancient
fe s tiv a l w h ich c e le b ra te s W elsh
literature an d m usic. It is held every
year at the beginning o f A u gust, and
only the Welsh language is used. One year it is held in a northern
town in Wales, the following year in a southern town.
More than 6,000 Welsh m usicians and writers enter the competition
and more than 170,000 people attend the final ceremony, when the
winners in poetry and music receive their awards. The winners are
called l^ards', ^ and there is an important prize for the person who
has written the best poem in the Welsh language. This person then
sits in a special b ard 's chair; in the W elsh lan gu age. E isteddfod
m eans 'sitting'.
1
.
2
.
3.
p ip e r s a n d d r u m m e r s : m u s i c i a n s w ho play t h e b a g p ip e s an d drum s.
S e e p i c tu r e o n p a g e 82.
E i s t e d d f o d : p ro n u n c ia tio n (ai'siedfodj.
b a r d s : bard is an old word f o r a p o e t - s in g e r .
L
_____
Ireland: Bloomsday
Every year on 16 June, the works of the Irish writer Jam es Joyce are
celebrated in Dublin, the capital of Ireland.
One of the most influential writers of the 20th century, Jam es Joyce
w as born in Dublin in 1882.
In his long novel
Ulysses
(1922) Joyce w rote about the ordinary
events that happened to a few characters on just one day in Dublin,
16 Jun e 1904. Fifty years later, in 1954, a g ro u p o f w riters from
Dublin decided to visit every place that is mentioned in the novel.
T h is s ta r te d the fe s tiv a l kn ow n a s 'B lo o m s d a y '; it is c a lle d
'Bloom sday' after the main character, Leopold Bloom.
P e o p le s t ill c e le b ra te a s
they did in 1954, by touring
the city, but som e p eo p le
also w ear co stu m e s from
the b e g in n in g o f the
twentieth century and give
dram atic perform an ces o f
events in the novel.
\ o u n g pedple celebrating
Bloomsday.
They are wearing
clolhes ihat were fashionable in
19(J4. T h e girl in the foregmund
is giving a dram atic performance
o f a ch aracler s sp eech from
Wv.M«.
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