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Satellite Operations and Organization
telecommunications technologies will change over time—what was once state of
the art could, within even a few years, become obsolete and possibly taken off the
market! However, this is probably not one area where public Internet service can
suffice. Even when an appropriate technology is located and vetted for use, it may
not be available at all locations or with a common feature set. That is, after all,
one important reason why satellite communications itself is of benefit to telecommu-
nications users.
The designer of the backbone, therefore, must determine which telecommunica-
tions systems and services are available for application in the ICN. The ideal
solution for some is to select and contract with a single service provider, likely to
be an international carrier like AT&T, Verizon Business, British Telecom, Cable &
Wireless, France Telecom, KDD, or the like. In reality, whichever carrier is selected
must work to pull the resources of multiple foreign service providers together to
provide the backbone solution. Satellite operators in many cases prefer to carry
out that task themselves, using their own qualified telecommunication staff.
The technologies that are most attractive for the backbone are no different
from the hottest products and services on the world market. They include user-
owned equipment such as IP routers, intelligent multiplexers, and ATM switches
for WANs. Interconnecting those elements are backbone links over terrestrial fiber
links, undersea fiber cables, and satellite links from GEO satellites, provided that
those satellites are separate from those being controlled.
Access to the backbone is another concern, because that often is the cause of
service and reliability problems. The communication requirements generally can
justify installing fiber between the SCC and the public network point of presence
(POP). Where that is not available as a service, the satellite operator may have to
pay for construction or even install and operate the equipment themselves. Similar
considerations apply to the remote TT&C stations, wherever they may be located.
As we have stated, that becomes troublesome where facilities are located in regions
without good terrestrial communications. Satellite links can be employed, provided
one does not rely on the same satellite being controlled (to do so could increase
the difficulty of responding to a satellite problem that affects that link as well).
Backup service through Inmarsat or Iridium might be a good insurance policy.
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