DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Finally, another classification of modern Germanic languages is possible to consider in
terms of their future development. Most of them develop in such a way that the number of
speakers is growing. The reverse development is noted in the following languages (they can be
called "minus languages"). A comparison of the results of two sociolinguistic surveys in
Friesland shows that the number of people with the native Frisian language has decreased
slightly, acc. to 1980 data (in brackets - 1967 data): 59% of the provincial population (71%) used
Frisian language in everyday life, of which 41% (49%) in cities, 71% (81%) in rural areas. It is
characteristic that 98% of the inhabitants of Friesland can speak Dutch by the age of 11.
However, the statistics were also reflected in the growth of the non-Frisian population in the
province. Nevertheless, the tendency towards the retreat of the Frisian language is obvious (there
is even a Frisian designation for this process - untfrysking 'defrisianing'). It seems, however, that
one should not overestimate the role of this trend, since there are factors, primarily of the socio-
psychological nature, that restrain its manifestation. In the other two regions where the Frisian
language is used, this process is more intensive: East Frisian is now spoken by about 1 thousand
people, in North Frisian - by about 8 thousand (for the beginning of the 40s, those figures were
respectively 3 thousand and 18 thousand). The number of Yiddish speakers is decreasing.
There is a clear trend towards a decrease in the number of Swedish speakers in Finland:
over 100 years their number has decreased by more than 2.5 times. However, it is far from its
complete disappearance and development prospects are unclear. It seems that a certain
stabilization will take place due to a number of factors. Somewhat paradoxically, the position of
the "New Norwegian" has stabilized. The number of students with the first language of
instruction “New Norwegian” has been kept at the level of 16-16.5% (the only indicator given in
statistical yearbooks) after a long decline since 1976. This situation is determined by both some
administrative-political and socio-psychological aspects.
In conclusion, it can be said that if to compare the ancient Germanic languages known to
us from written monuments with their modern states, it can be seen how much closer they were
to each other in the past. In ancient texts, their related features were easily traced, especially in
the field of vocabulary and grammatical structure. The further course of history determined the
fate of every Germanic nation. Once closely related Germanic languages became more and more
isolated, new tendencies appeared in the development of each of them; many similarities were
hidden under the layers of the centuries-old changes.
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