Chapter 2. Closed Questions
2.1. Are you feeling confident about speaking English
Although it can be difficult for students to produce quickly in natural speech, the rule for short
answers is simplicity itself – say “Yes” or “No” and then copy the subject and auxiliary verb from
the question, adding “n’t” or similar for negative answers.
I would teach the relevant questions and short answers in this order:
“Do you…?” “Yes, I do”/ “No, I don’t”
“Are you…?” “Yes, I am”/ “No, I’m not”
“Is he/ she/ it/ this/ that…?” “Yes, he/ she/ it is”/ “No, he/ she/ it isn’t”
“Are they/ these/ those…?” “Yes, they are”/ “No, they aren’t”
“Can you/ he/ she/ they…?” “Yes, I/ he/ she/ they can”/ “No, I/ he/ she/ they can’t”
“Is there/ Are there…?” “Yes, there is/ are”/ “No, there isn’t/ aren’t”
“Did you/ he/ she/ they…?” “Yes, I/ he/ she/ they did”/ “No, I/ he/ she/ they didn’t”
“Have you…?” “Yes, I have”/ “No, I haven’t”
“Were you/ Was he/ Was she/ Was it…?” “Yes, I/ he/ she/ it was”/ “No, I/ he/ she/ it wasn’t”
“Will you/ he/ she/ it/ they…?” “Yes, I/ he/ she/ it/ they will”/ “No, I/ he/ she/ it/ they won’t”
“Would you/ he/ she/ it/ they like to…?” “Yes… would”/ “No,… wouldn’t”
“Would you/ he/ she/ it/ they…?” “Yes, I/ he/ she/ it/ they would”/ “No, I/ he/ she/ it/ they/
wouldn’t”
Yes/ No questions with continuous forms like “Are you sitting down?” and “Were you having
dinner?” are too rare to be worth specifically teaching, and anyway follow the same patterns as
the other questions and short answers with “be” above. They can then therefore be used without
any specific presentation stage and/ or be taught at the error correction stage. Ditto for other
possibilities like “Yes, there were” and “Yes, I had”.
After some practice of the basic forms above, students will probably need to be told that giving
just a short answer can sometimes be insufficient, rude or even misunderstood. For example, if
someone asks “Are you Chinese?” and the reply is just “No, I’m not”, it sounds like they are
taking offence at the question and/ or think it is none of the other person’s business. Students
will therefore need to be told about and maybe practice further points like using “Actually,…”
instead of “Yes” or “No” in unexpected answers (“Actually, I’m Mongolian”, etc), and adding
“Thanks” and further information in exchanges like “Is your meal okay?” “Yes, it is, thanks. It’s
absolutely delicious”.
More advanced classes might also benefit from learning about and maybe practising short
answers without “Yes” and “No” such as “Do you have a tie?” “I don’t. (I haven’t worn one for
years).”
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