5.1-rasm.
Savdo m a rk a s in i jo y la s h tir is h 1.
S a v d o m a rk a sin i m u v a ffa q iy a tli jo y la s h tir is h
o'z
to v a rin in g b o-
z o rd a g i o ‘rn in i a n iq la s h g a im k o n b e ris h d a n ta s h q a ri u n g a q o ‘sh im -
c h a ra q o b a tli u s tu n lik h a m h a d y a etad i.
G ‘a rb m a m la k a tla ri b re n d in g te x n o lo g iy a la rid a n s a m a ra li fo y d a -
la n is h x a r id o r la m in g x o h is h -is ta k la ri, x a rid n i a m a lg a o s h iris h m o -
tiv la ri b o ‘y ic h a d o im iy m a rk e tin g ta d q iq o tla ri o ‘tk a z is h n i ta q o z o
etad i. M a h a lliy b o z o rd a b re n d in g u s u lla rin i q o 'lla s h n i a y n a n x a ri-
d o rla r x u lq -a tv o ri o ‘z ig a x o s lik la ri b e lg ila b b e ra d i.
D e m a k , b re n d y a ra tis h - u z o q m u d d a tli ijo d iy ja r a y o n b o ;lib,
b re n d n i s iljitis h m a fk u ra s in i, u n in g m a tn k o ‘rin is h id a g i v a ta s h q i
b e z a k la rin i, to v a r o ‘ro v in i ish la b c h iq ish , n a m u n a la rn i ta rq a tish ,
s o tu v n i ra g 'b a tla n tir is h , s o tu v jo y la r id a is h la s h , y a ’n i i s te ’m o lc h ig a
t a ’sir k o ‘rs a tis h n in g b a rc h a m a rk e tin g v o s ita la ri m a jm u y in i k o 'z d a
tu ta d i.
B iro q , a y rim t o ‘x ta tib tu ru v c h i o m illa r m a v ju d lig ig a q a ra m a y ,
m a m la k a tim iz d a g i is te ’m o l b o z o rid a b re n d in g a s ta -s e k in lik bi-
1 С ек ер и н В. Д . И н н о вац и о н н ы й м аркетинг: У ч еб н и к. - М .: И Н Ф Р А -М , 2012. -
С. 165.
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la n riv o jla n m o q d a . K o ‘p la b m a h a lliy k o r x o n a la r b u b o ra d a ta jri-
b a t o ‘p la b , o ‘z b re n d la rin i jo y la s h tir is h u c h u n t o ‘g ‘ri y o n d a s h u v -
ni a n iq la s h m a q s a d id a i s te ’m o lc h ila r x u lq -a tv o rin i ta d q iq e tis h g a
h a r a k a t q ilm o q d a la r.
5.2. M a q s a d li a u d ito r iy a n i s e g m e n tla s h u s lu b iy o ti
Y a n g i to v a r v a x iz m a tla r b re n d i h a q id a x a b a rd o rlik n i s h a k lla n ti-
ris h u s u li s if a tid a i s t e ’m o lc h ila rn i s e g m e n tla s h g a a s o s la n g a n « n u q ta -
li ( m a ’lu m n u q ta g a q a r a tilg a n )» m a rk e tin g t a k li f e tila d i.
Y a n g i to v a r v a x iz m a tla r s ifa t k o ‘r s a tk ic h la rin in g o ‘sis h i b ila n
b u g u n g i k u n d a ra q o b a t e n g c h o ‘q q ig a c h iq q a n . I s t e ’m o lc h i h o z ir-
d a o d d iy g in a b ir s ifa tli to v a r y o k i x iz m a t x a r id q ilis h n i e m a s , b a lk i
b iro n -b ir o czig a x o s , n o y o b x is la tg a n e g a b o U g a n to v a r v a x iz m a t
la r x a r id q ilis h n i is ta y d i. A y n a n s h u n i a m a ld a m a h s u lo td a y a r a tib
b o ‘lm a y d i. B uni in s o n n in g m a h s u lo tg a m u n o s a b a tid a y a r a tis h , d e -
m a k , h is s iy o tla rn i: m u h a b b a t, s o d iq lik , h u rm a t, e h tiro m v a h o k a -
z o la m i ish g a s o lis h k e ra k . S h u s a b a b d a n b u g u n g i k u n d a y a x s h i
r e k la m a is h la b c h iq is h v a u n i O A V d a t o ‘g ‘ri jo y la s h tir is h n in g u d -
d a s id a n c h iq a o la d ig a n , b u n d a n ta s h q a ri, k o rx o n a g a o ‘z in in g y a n g i
to v a rin i « m a h s u lo t» to ifa s id a n « b re n d » to ifa s ig a o 't k a z is h d a y o r-
d a m b e ra o la d ig a n re k la m a a g e n tlik la r ig a ta la b o rtm o q d a .
T u rli m u ta x a s s is la r n in g b a h o la r ig a k o ‘ra , m a h a lliy is te 'm o l-
c h ila rn i y a n g i m a h s u lo t y o k i x iz m a t h a q id a x a b a r d o r q ilis h b u n d a n
b ir n e c h a y il o ld in o d d iy g in a - m a tb u o td a re k la m a c h o p e tis h y o k i
te le v id e n iy a (r a d io ) o rq a li re k la m a ro lig i y o rd a m id a h a l e tila rd i.
B u n d a y im k o n iy a t h o z ir d a h a m m a v ju d , b ir o q v a z iy a t te z v a tu b d a n
o ‘z g a r m o q d a .
R e k la m a k o m m u n ik a ts iy a la r i z ic h lig i ta h lili s h u n i k o ‘rs a ta d ik i,
h o z irg i p a y td a p o te n s ia l x a r id o r la r te z o ‘s ib b o ra y o tg a n h a jm d a g i
ra d io , te le v iz io n v a b o s m a m a tb u o t re k la m a s ig a d u c h k e lm o q d a . B u
e s a m a q s a d li d o ir a n in g ta q s im la n is h i v a h a r q a n d a y a lo h id a n a s h r
(k a n a l) s a m a r a d o rlig in in g p a s a y is h ig a o lib k e la d i. H a tto x o h is h
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b o ‘lg a n id a h a m iste ’ m o lc h in in g o n g i b a rc h a O A V d a k u n d a lik ta rq a -
tila y o tg a n re k la m a a x b o ro tla rin in g k ic h ik b ir u lu s h in i h a m s i g ‘d ira
o lm a y d i.
M a q s a d li s e g m e n tla sh u c h u n m a q s a d li d o ira v a k illa ri k o 'r s a t-
k ic h la r in in g im k o n q a d a r m a k sim a l s o n id a n fo y d a la a is h ta k lif e tila -
di. A s o s iy s i, y a k u n d a o lin g a n s e g m e n tla s h a jra tilg a n g u ru h n i sa m a -
ra li m a h a lliy la s h tir is h im k o n in i b e rs a b o ‘ldi.
H o z irg i p a y td a d u n y o d a re k la m a k o m m u n ik a ts iy a la ri o 'z riv o j-
la n is h in in g y a n g i so h a s ig a - in te ra k tiv lik v a in d iv id u a lla s h u v g a
o 'tm o q d a . « E g a s iz r e k la m a x a b a rla ri» tu rli O A V m a n b a la ri to m o n i-
d a n ta rq a tila y o tg a n a x b o ro t h a jm in in g u lk a n e k a n lig i tu fa y li k u til-
g a n n a tija la r b e rm a y a p ti.
R e k la m a a x b o ro tla rin in g a lo h id a o lin g a n y a k u n iy is te 'm o lc h ila -
rig a q a r a tilg a n in te ra k tiv k o m m u n ik a ts iy a la r y a r a tis h a x b o ro t b ila n
t a ’m in la s h s a m a ra d o rlig in i o s h iris h g a im k o n b e ra d i. Y irik x a lq a ro
k o rp o r a ts iy a la r a n k e ta s o 'ro v la ri o 'tk a z is h v o s ita s id a o ‘z m a h s u -
lo tla ri y a k u n iy iste ’ m o lc h ila ri h a q id a m a r k e tin g a x b o ro ti t o 'p l a s h
b o ‘y ic h a is h la r b o ra s id a m a ’lu m b ir ta jr ib a g a eg a . B iro q u s h b u
s o h a h a li y e ta r lic h a o ‘rg a n ib c h iq ilm a g a n v a a m a liy o td a s in a b
k o 'r i l m a g a n .
« N u q ta li» m a rk e tin g u s u lla rid a n f o y d a la n is h d a en g k a tta s a m a -
ra n i m a q s a d li d o ira n i d e ta lli s e g m e n tla s h v a h a r bir s e g m e n t u c h u n
e n g s a m ra li b o i g a n k o m m u n ik a ts iy a la r ta n la s h b erad i.
« N u q ta li» m a rk e tin g d a y a n g i to v a rla r v a x iz m a tla r b re n d i h a q id a
x a b a rd o rlik n i sh a k lla n tiris h n in g e n g s a m a ra li u s u lla rid a n b iri b re n d
e g a si v a x a rid o rla r o ‘rta s id a « k lu b » m u n o s a b a tla rin i s h a k lla n tiris h
u su li h is o b la n a d i.
A s o s iy q o id a - b u fa q a t is te 'm o lc h in in g is ta g i b ila n c h e g a ra la n -
g a n , m ijo z b ila n h a r q a n d a y k o m m u n ik a ts iy a la rn i m a k s im a l d a ra ja -
d a p e r s o n a lla s h tiris h d ir.
D o im iy m ijo z la r b ila n b u n d a y k o m m u n ik a ts iy a la r tiz im in i b a rp o
e tish , s h u b h a s iz , bir q a to r u s tu n lik la rg a eg a . T a s h k ilo t o ‘z m ijo z la ri-
n i « s h a x s a n » ta n iy d i, u la m in g n im a n i v a q a n c h a x a rid q ilis h i h a q i
d a t o 'l i q a x b o ro tg a eg a b o 'la d i. Z a ru r to v a rla r is h la b c h iq a ris h y o k i
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x arid q ilis h o ‘z x a r id o r la rin in g e h tiy o jla rin i a n iq ro q v a u z il-k e s il
q o n d irish , s h u n in g d e k , u la rn in g k e la ja k d a g i x o h is h -is ta k la rin i ta h lil
q ilish b o r a s id a tu z a tis h k iritg a n h o ld a a m a lg a o s h irila d i. M ijo z la r
bilan is h la m i b u n d a y ta s h k il q ilis h d a a x b o r o tn in g b o s h q a p o te n s ia l
x a r id o r la rg a y e tk a z ilis h e h tim o li y u q o ri. B u n in g u s tig a , h o z irg i p a y t-
da m u q o b il, n o tijo r a t a x b o r o t m a n b a la ri (is h b ila rm o n h a m k o r la m in g
m a s la h a ti, e k s p e r tla r n in g fik rla ri) a h a m iy a tin in g o rtis h i k u z a tilm o q -
da. S h u ta r i q a ta s h k ilo t y a n g i m ijo z la r j a l b q ilis h b o ‘y ic h a q o ‘s h im -
cha r e k la m a g a e g a b o 'la d i .
Y a n g i x a r id o r la r a n k e ta n i t o i d i r i s h i d a o lin g a n m a ’lu m o tla r a s o -
sida m a ’lu m o tla r t o ‘p la m i tu z ila d i. M a ’lu m o tla r t o ‘p la m i a s o s id a
m ijo z la r b ila n u z o q m u d d a tli m u n o s a b a tla r s o tu v u m u m iy h a jm in i
o sh ira d i. S h u m a ’lu m o tla r t o ‘p la m ig a k iritis h n in g s h a rtla ri v a u k e l-
tira d ig a n f o y d a h a q id a s o ‘z b o ra d ig a n k ic h ik b ir b u k le t ta y y o rla s h
q o ‘s h im c h a p lu s h is o b la n a d i. M a ’lu m o tla r to 'p l a m i b ila n t o ‘g ‘ri,
faol v a q im m a t b o M m ag an h o ld a is h la s h d a b u is h la b c h iq a r is h v a
savdo t a r m o g ‘ini is h o n c h b ila n v a o n g li ra v is h d a riv o jla n tiris h im -
k o n in i b e r a d i. X a r id o r la r h a q id a g i z a ru riy (k e ra k li) m a ’lu m o tla r:
m in ta q a v iy , d e m o g ra fik , m a d a n iy - m a ’rifiy , p s ix o g ra fik , x u lq - a tv o r
m a ’lu m o tla r id ir .
M a ’lu m o tla r t o ‘p la m in in g k o m p y u te r ta h lili (k e ra k li b e lg ila r
b o ‘y ic h a g u ru h la s h ) a n iq ta n la n g a n m a q s a d li g u ru h g a x a b a rla r-
ni s h a x s iy j o 'n a t i s h n i a m a lg a o s h iris h im k o n in i b e ra d i. B u n d a
iste ’m o lc h ila r b ila n k o m m u n ik a ts iy a la r n a f a q a t p o c h ta o rq a li,
balki z a m o n a v iy k o m m u n ik a ts iy a v o s ita la ri - e le k tro n p o c h ta ,
S M S -x a b a rla r, te le f o n o rq a li q o ‘n g ‘iro q b o ‘y ic h a a m a lg a o s h irilis h i
ham m u m k in . B u y e r d a « n u q ta li» m a rk e tin g u s u lla ri h a m , is te ’m o l-
c h ila m i d e ta lli s e g m e n tla s h u s u lla ri h a m q o ‘lla n is h i m u m k in .
X ilm a - x il o 'z a r o a lo q a u su lla ri - a n ju m a n v a s e m in a rla rg a ta k -
lif q ilis h , b a y r a m la r (Y a n g i y il, H a y it, N a v r o 'z , v a h .k .) b ila n ta b -
rik la sh , y a n g i is h la n m a la r h a q id a x a b a rd o r q ilis h v a h .k . q a y ta k o ‘rib
c h iq ilish i z a ru r.
S h u n d a y q ilib , « n u q ta li» m a rk e tin g u s u lla rin i q o ‘lla s h s ta n d a r t
ja r a y o n la r b ila n b o g ‘liq b o 'lm a g a n ijo d iy m e h n a t ta la b q ila d i. M a q -
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sa d li d o ira h a q id a a x b o ro tla rn i d o im iy r a v is h d a t o ‘p la b b o rish , ta h lil
q ilis h v a tu z a tis h la r k iritis h h a m d a shu a s o s d a y a n a d a s a m a ra liro q
s e g m e n tla s h u s u lla rin i iz la b to p ish za ru r.
5.3. B r e n d n i s h a k lla n tir is h m e x a n iz m in i
is h la b c h iq ish
0 ‘tk a z ilg a n ta d q iq o tla r sh u n i k o ‘rs a ta d ik i, m a h a lliy iq tis o d c h i
o lim la r n in g a k s a riy a t a s a rla rid a b re n d y a r a tis h m e x a n iz m i y e ta r li
d a r a ja d a t o ‘liq k o ‘rib c h iq ilm a g a n , x o rijiy ta d q iq o tc h ila ra in g b re n d
s h a k lla n tiris h te x n o lo g iy a la ri esa, k o 'p in c h a , m a h a lliy b o z o r x u s u -
s iy a tla rin i h is o b g a o lm a y d i. B iro q ay n a n b re n d y a r a tis h u s lu b iy a ti
m a s a la la ri b u g u n g i k u n d a s a n o a t to v a rla ri b o z o r id a fa o liy a t k o 'r s a -
ta y o tg a n v a h ali o ‘z b re n d ig a eg a b o 'lm a g a n k o ’p c h ilik m a h a lliy
k o rx o n a la r u c h u n d o lz a rb h iso b la n a d i. B re n d y a r a tis h v a lin in g
is t e ’m o lc h ila r o ra s id a m u v a ffa q iy a tg a e ris h is h i b re n d s h a k lla n ti
ris h m e x a n iz m in in g sa m a ra li fa o liy a t y u ritis h ig a a so s la n ib , b u y e r-
d a k o r x o n a v a is te ’m o lc h ila r o‘ zaro a lo q a la rin in g k e tm a -k e tlik d a g i
y i g ‘in d is i, u la r y o rd a m id a b re n d in g s o h a s id a g i k o rx o n a fa o liy a ti-
n in g a s o s iy m a q sa d i t a ’m in la n a d ig a n u s u lla r tu s h u n ila d i.
B re n d s h a k lla n tiris h m e x a n iz m in in g a s o s in i in n o v a ts iy a n in g o 'z i,
is te ’m o lc h i u c h u n s o tu v g a ta k lif e tila d ig a n v a in n o v a ts iy a g a b ild iri-
la d ig a n fu n k s io n a l e h tiy o jlarg a ja v o b b e r a d ig a n b re n d n in g m o d d iy
ta rk ib iy q ism i tash k il q ilad i. B o ‘ lg ‘u si b re n d n in g is te ’m o lc h ila r on g i-
da, k e lg u s id a esa u z o q m u d d atli ish o n ch li m u n o s a b a tla rd a g i in d iv id u
al o b ra z in i y a ra tis h d a to v a r sifati b irin ch i d a ra ja li ro l o 'y n a y d i.
H o z irg i p a y td a , M .P la n k n o m id a g i G e rm a n iy a ilm iy -ta d q iq o t in s-
titu tin in g m a ’lu m o tla rig a k o ‘ra, x a rid o rla rn in g 6 0 % i to v a r b e lg is in i
to v a rn in g m a ’lu m b ir sifa ti b ila n b a r q a ro r ra v is h d a b o g ‘la b k e la d i,
y a n a 3 0 % i sifa ti v a u n in g a y n a n sh u firm a g a te g is h li e k a n lig i b ila n
b o g 1 la y d i, q o lg a n 10% i e s a to v ar y o k i x iz m a tla rn i ta n la s h d a to v a r
b e lg is ig a e ’tib o r q a ra tm a y d i. S h u sa b a b li j a h o n d a c h iq a rila y o tg a n
jam i to v a r la m in g 8 0 % d a n o r tig 'i to v a r b e lg ila ri b ila n m a rk a la n a d i.
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M a rk e tin g s o h a s id a g i m a s h h u r m u ta x a s s is P ite r D o y l, b re n d -
ni s h a k lla n tiris h m e x a n iz m i e le m e n tla rin i k o ‘rib c h iq a r e k a n , u c h
b o s q ic h n i k e tm a - k e tlik d a b o s ib o ‘tg a n h o ld a b re n d n i y a r a tis h m u m -
k in d eb h is o b la y d i:
- x a r id o r la r e h tiy o jla rin i q o n iq tira d ig a n s ifa tli m a h s u lo t y a ra tish ;
- s a m a ra li ta q d im o t o 'tk a z is h ;
- u n i b o s h q a m a h s u lo t v a x iz m a tla r b ila n t o ‘ld irg a n h o ld a s a v d o
m a rk a s i b a z a s in i k e n g a y tir is h .
B irin c h i b o s q ic h s if a tid a sifa tli to v a r y a r a tis h n i a jra tib k o ‘rs a ta r
v a u n g a a lo h id a e ’tib o r q a ra ta r e k a n , a fs u sk i, P . D o y l b re n d n i s h a k l
la n tiris h m e x a n iz m in in g b u tu n z a n jirin i k o ‘rib c h iq m a y d i, b a lk i
fa q a t a so siy jih a tla r in i k o ‘rsa ta d i. B iz n in g c h a , u la r, o 'z n a v b a tid a ,
b a ta fs il ta h lilg a e h tiy o j s e z a d ig a n a lo h id a m u s ta q il e le m e n tla r d a n
ta rk ib to p a d i.
A m a liy o tn in g k o ‘rs a tis h ic h a , k o ‘p c h ilik m a h a lliy k o rx o n a la r
u c h u n sifa tli to v a r m a v ju d lig i o ‘z b re n d in i m u v a ff a q iy a tli s h a k lla n
tiris h u c h u n z a ru riy , le k in y e ta rli b o ‘lm a g a n s h a r t h is o b la n a d i. B u -
n in g sa b a b i s h u n d a k i, b itta to v a r g u ru h id a ra q o b a t k u c h li v a ish la b
c h iq a rila y o tg a n ra q o b a tc h i to v a rla r s ifa tin in g y u q o ri d a r a ja d a e k a n -
lig i k u z a tilm o q d a .
T u rli m a h a lliy k o r x o n a la r a m a liy ta jrib a la r in i ta d q iq e tis h n a ti-
ja s id a a n iq la n a d ik i, b re n d n i s h a k lla n tiris h m e x a n iz m in i q u y id a g i
e le m e n tla rd a n ib o ra t b o ‘lg a n m a ’lu m b ir a lg o ritm ik s tru k tu ra k o ‘ri-
n is h id a a k s e ttiris h m u m k in .
1. B re n d n in g b iz n e s g ‘o y a s in i s h a k lla n tiris h .
2. B o z o r n i t a h l il q i lis h : s e g m e n tla s h , b o z o r s i g 'i m i n i v a u n in g
s e g m e n tla r in i b a h o l a s h , b o z o r d in a m i k a s i v a r a q o b a t c h i l a r n i
o ‘rg a n is h .
3. S ifa tli to v a r y o k i x iz m a t y a ra tis h .
4. T o v a rn i id e n tifik a ts iy a q ilis h v a in d iv id u a lla s h tiris h .
5. B o ‘l g ‘u si b re n d h u d u d id a s o tu v h a jm in i o sh iris h .
6. I s te ’m o lc h i to m o n r e k la m a k o m m u n ik a ts iy a la ri.
7. K o rx o n a d a b r e n d m a fk u ra s i m u h im lig in i s h a k lla n tiris h .
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8. K o ‘p c h ilik n in g m o y illig i v a s o d iq lig ig a erish ish .
9. I s t e ’m o lc h i o n g id a b re n d g ‘o y a sin i m u sta h k a m la sh .
10. I s t e ’m o lc h in in g b re n d q im m a tig a is h o n ish i v a u n i o ‘z q a d ri-
y a tla r ig a te n g la s h tiris h i.
11. B re n d n i k e lg u s id a b o sh q a rish .
T a ’k id la s h jo iz k i, b re n d n i s h a k lla n tiris h m e x a n iz m in in g d a s tla b -
k i b o s q ic h la rid a n b iri sifa tid a y a n g i tto v a r y a r a tis h e m as, b a lk i b iz -
n e s g ‘o y a is h la b c h iq is h v a ifo d a la sh n i k o 'r s a tm o q d a m iz .
O 'z b re n d in i y a ra ta y o tg a n h a r q a n d a y k o rx o n a n in g a s o siy iq ti-
s o d iy m a q s a d i in n o v a ts iy a la rn in g b o z o r q iy m a ti v a ra q o b a tb a r-
d o s h lig in i o s h iris h h iso b la n a d i. B iz n e s g ‘o y a is h la b c h iq is h b re n d n i
s h a k lla n tiris h d a k o ‘z d a tu tila d ig a n k o m p a n iy a n in g an iq m a q s a d la -
rin i ifo d a la s h g a im k o n b erad i: u z o q m u d d a tli v a q isq a m u d d a tli re -
ja la r , m u v a ffa q iy a tlilik n i a n iq la sh m e z o n la ri, ta d b irk o rlik fa o liy a ti-
n in g ta k tik v a s tra te g ik jih a tla ri v a h.k.
B iz n e s g 'o y a ish la b ch iq ish m a s a la s i b u g u n g i k u n d a k o ‘p la b
k o m p a n iy a la r u c h u n d o lzarb sa n a la d i v a b irla m c h i a h a m iy a t k a s b
etad i. M a h a lliy k o rx o n a la rn in g a m a liy ta jrib a s i ta d q iq o tla ri sh u n i
k o ‘rs a ta d ik i, a k s a riy a t h o lla rd a k o m p a n iy a la r b iz n e s g ‘o y a is h la b
c h iq is h n i p is a n d q ilm a sd a n , o 'z fa o liy a tin i m a ’lu m b ir to v a r is h la b
c h iq is h d a n b o s h la m o q d a . T a k lif e tila y o tg a n b re n d s h a k lla n tiris h
m e x a n iz m i e le m e n ti - b iz n e s g ‘o y a is h la b c h iq is h b re n d n i s tra te
g ik riv o jla n tiris h , s h u n in g d e k . k o rx o n a n in g o ‘z in i riv o jla n tiris h m a -
sa la la rin i s a m a ra liro q h a l e tis h g a im k o n b e ra d i.
S h a k lla n tir ilg a n b iz n e s g ‘o y an i a n iq la s h tiris h , b re n d n in g b o z o r-
d ag i a s o s iy p o z its iy a la rin i a n iq la sh , u n in g s ig ‘im i, d in a m ik a s i v a to
v a r n is h a s id a g i ra q o b a t d a ra ja sin i b a h o la s h g a d a stla b k i b o z o r ta h lili
y o rd a m b e ra d i. B o 'l g 'u s i b re n d n in g b o z o rd a g i p o z its iy a la rin i ish
lab c h iq is h , is te ’m o lc h ila rn i s e g m e n tla s h z a ru r. F ik rim iz c h a , b re n d
s h a k lla n tiris h d o ira s id a is te ’m o lc h ila rn i s e g m e n tla s h m a s a la la ri so -
h a n in g k a m o ‘rg a n ilg a n lig i s a b a b li a lo h id a e ’tib o r ta la b q ilad i.
Q u y id a g i 5 .1 -ja d v a ld a in n o v a ts iy a la r b o z o rid a b re n d n i s h a k lla n -
tiris h n in g a lo h id a b o sq ic h la rin i b a ja r is h u s u lla ri ak s e ttirilg a n .
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In n o v a ts iy a la r bozorida brend s h a k lla n tiris h n in g
a lo h id a b o s q ic h la rin i b a ja ris h u s u lla ri
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