«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

Activities for self-improvement
Exercise №1.

1. 
   In how many ways borrowings enter the language?
   

b) Give the samples and fill the table below.

Oral borrowings:	Written borrowings:
	Sombrero (Mex.)
Table, face, figure, chair, sport (Fr.)

Exercise №2. Fill the table: Hand vs. arm, foot vs. leg, finger vs. toe in English, Russian and Uzbek.

English	Russian	Uzbek
hand		қўл
foot	Нога
		бармоқ
toe

Exercise №3. As you know, a loan word taken over from another proper language can be modified in phonetic shape, spelling, paradigm or meaning according to the standards of the language. Give examples.
EnglishRussianUzbek:

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

RussianUzbek: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TOPICS FOR PRESENTATIONS

1. 
   Word is the smallest language unit.
   
2. 
   Classification of theword according to meaning.
   
3. 
   The difference between polysemy and homonymy.
   
4. 
   Structural classification of words.
   
5. 
   Lexical typology of words according to its structure.
   
6. 
   Lexical typology of words according to its meaning.
   
7. 
   Lexical typology of borrowings.
   
8. 
   Lexical typology of phraseology.
   
9. 
   Lexical typology of proverbs and sayings.
   

Seminars 17-18. Typology of lexical level of English and Native Languages
►Classroom activities

Exercise №1. Round table discussion. Divide into four groups and discuss these problems in groups. In 10 minutes present your topic, after all they make overall conclusion.






Exercise №2. Discuss the following questions in mini groups.

Exercise №3a. Look at the questions in the chart about ways of word formation in English, Russian and Uzbek languages. Write your answers first in the YOU column.
3b. Interview your partner and write his/her answers in your partner column.

Questions	You	Your partner
The ways ofword formation in modern English
The ways ofword formation in modern Russian
Five main ways of word formation in modern Uzbek

3c. Compare your answers with your partner's answers.

►Home activities

Exercise №1. Look at the text about similarities and differences of word -formation in compared languages. There are 12 mistakes are underlined in it. Replace them with the correct words from the box below.

origin independent prefixing bound negative full repetition or reversal proper semi-bound prefixes

The main similarity of forming words is having the way of affixing in all compared languages. And all of them have the subtypes, such as borrowing, suffixing and prefix-suffix. For example, English prefixes are such particles that can be prefixed to separate words and it is mostly characteristic for forming verbs. Prefixes can be considered more dependent than suffixes in English. They can be classified according to the nature of words in which they are used: prefixes used in notional and functional words. Prefixes used in notional words are irrelevant prefixes, which are semi-bound morphemes, e.g. re- (rewrite). Prefixes used in functional words are bound morphemes because they are met in the language as words, e.g. over- (overprotected) ( cf. over the book ).

Prefixes can be classified according to different principles:

1. Semantic classification:

a) prefixes of positivemeaning, such as: in- (invaluable), non- (non-morphological), un- (unhappy) etc.

b) prefixes denoting planned actions, such as: de- (deregulate), re- (redo), dis- (disappear).

c) prefixes denoting time, space, degree relations, such as : inter- (international) , hyper- (hypertension), ex- (ex-friend), pre- (pre-reading), over- (overhead) etc.

2.Usage of prefixes can be classified as follows:

a) native (Germanic), such as: un-, over-, under- etc.

b) Romanic, such as : in-, de-, ex-, re- etc.

c) Greek, such as : sym-, hyper- etc.

Besides, there are a lot of borrowed suffixes in English:

Auto-, Demi-, Mono-, Multi-, Semi-, Post-;
Exercise №2. You are given different classifications of suffixes in English, Russian and Uzbek languages. According to the classification match the suffixes with their sub groups.
I. Part-of-speech classification

1 . noun-forming suffixes -ize, -ify, -а-ть, -а, -лан

2. adjective-forming suffixes -able, -less, -ous, -ный-ной, -ли, -сиз

3. verb-forming suffixes -er, -ism, -ник, -ец, -увчи, -чилик

4. adverb-forming suffixes -teen, -ty, -надцать, -ой (-ый), -та

5. numeral-forming suffixes -ly, -о, -лаб, -она.

II. Semantic classification

1. nationality -ness, -ity, -увчан

2.the agent of the action - dom, -ry, -ship, -ati

3. quality - ian, -ese, -ish, -вич, -лик.

4.diminutiveness -er, -ist, -ent, -ок, -чи.

5. collectivity -ie, -let, -ling, -ette.
III. The lexico-grammatical character of the stem.

1. suffixes added to verbal stems -e, -ly, -ish, -ness, -ость, -и-е,-лик

2. suffixes added to noun stems -er, -ing, -ство, -ация, -кич, -ги

3.suffixes added to adjective stems -less, -ful, -ni-ый, -ный, -кор, гар

Exercise №3. Look at the suffixes in thechart below. Give the examples for each according to the classification in compared languages.