«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

Seminars 11-12. Typology of syntactic level of English and Native Languages
►Classroom activities

Exercise №1. Write some features of a term sentence in Uzbek, Russian and English languages and compare them with your classmates.

Uzbek	Russian	English

Exercise №2. Discuss with your partner following questions.

1. 
   What is aphrase?
   
2. 
   What is asentence?
   
3. 
   What is syntactic typology?
   

Exercise №3. Give examples to syntactical connections: agreement, government, and contact in English and Russian languages.

Languages	agreement	government	contact
English
Russian
Uzbek

Exercise №4. Brainstorm the definitions of phrases in compared languages.



Exercise №5. Discuss with your group some differences in classifying and naming the phrases in compared languages according to the type of syntagmatic relations.

English
Russian
Uzbek

Exercise №6. Work in a small group. Compare and find similarities, differences and distinctive features of three types of dependent relation in compared languages: agreement, government, and adjoining (contact). Share your analysis with other groups.

	Similarities	Differences	Distinctive features
Agreement
Government
Adjoining

Exercise №7. Proof with your own examples the following comparative analysis of phrase.

1. In English and Uzbek, the adjunct of an attributive phrase can be expressed by a passive infinitive.

E.g.:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This type of phrase in non-existent in Russian. The idea is rendered by a subordinate clause.

E.g.:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The English, the Russianand the Uzbek languages differ significantly in the means of expressing syntactical connections in a phrase. In Russian and Uzbek all the three ways of connection are used. In English, the use of government and agreement is restricted to the phrases with pronouns.

E.g.:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. In English attributive phrases denoting objects in numerical order, the adjunct expressed by a cardinal numeral is in postposition to the kernel expressed by a noun.

E.g.:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. In the corresponding Russian and Uzbek phrases, the adjunct expressed by an ordinal numeral is in preposition to the headword.

E.g.:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

►Home activities

Exercise №1. Read the statements. Circle the true or false.

1. 
   Sentence is universal linguistic phenomenon while phrase is not
   

True / False

2. 
   According to I. Mestchaninov languages are classified into nominative, ergative and passive
   

True / False

3. 
   The element of a phrase can be morphologically equal or unequal
   

True / False

4. 
   Greenberg found out only two variants of word order: S+P+O, S+O+P.
   

True / False

5. 
   According to Greenberg, the English and Russian languages belong to the SPO word order type.
   

True / False

6. 
   If the elements are syntactically unequal, one of them modifies the other.
   

True / False

7. 
   According to Vladimir Skalicka, fixed word order is characteristic of agglutinational and isolating types.
   

True / False

8. 
   The principal element is called the “adjunct” or “head word”.
   

True / False
Exercise №2. Fill the table below. Write the types and definitions of phrases in the missed places according to its structural feature.

English	___________ all elements are obligatory	Expanded   to read and translate the text – expanded elements are equal in rank	Extended ______________________________________________________________________________________________________: a beautiful flower – a very beautiful flower
Russian	Simple ___________________________________________________________________________________________	Complex (three and more notional words) Example:________________________________________	-
Uzbek	Simple (consists of two notional words) Example:______________________________________________________________________	____________ (consists of extending the members of simple word combination) осмондаги уч ўрдак, ҳаммадан аълочи ўқувчи	-

►Activities for self-improvement

Exercise №1. Work in pairs. Learn carefully the clusters below. Find general differences of word-combinations of three compared languages and compare them with your partner.
In English:

In Russian:

In Uzbek: