«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

 
Questions for self-control: 
1.
What does the syntactic level study?
2.
Why the difference between a phrase and a sentence is fundamental? 
3.
What is aphrase in compared languages? 
4.
What criteria of defining phrase types exist in Grammar?
5.
Types of syntactic relations in phrases. 
6.
Are there any distinctive features of English, Uzbek and Russian 
phrases? 
7.
Tell about general ways of syntactic connectionof phrases in compared 
languages? 
8.
The problem of pre-position and post-position in phrases. 
9.
The problem of interference in foreign language teaching acquisition 
(Syntactic level). 
Recommended literature: 
1.
Yusupov U.K. Contrastive linguistics of the English and Uzbek 
languages. Tashkent, 2013. 
2.
Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского 
языков. Ленинград, 1979. 
3.
Соловьёва Н. Н. Весь русский язык в таблицах: От фонетики до 
синтаксиса М., 2009. 
LECTURE 13. TYPOLOGY OF A SENTENCE IN ENGLISH 
AND NATIVE LANGUAGES

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62 
Key words: 
The sentence, phonetics, approach, syntactic pattern, 
semantics.
 
It is rather difficult to define the sentence as it is connected with many 
lingual and extra lingual aspects 
– logical, psychological and 
philosophical. There are many definitions of the sentence and these definitions 
differ from each other because that the scientists approach from different 
viewpoints to this question. Some of them consider the sentence from the 
point view of phonetics, others - from the point of view of semantics (the 
meaning of the sentence) and so on.
Some of the definitions of a sentence are given below. 
The Notional Definition of a Sentence: "It is sometimes said that 
a sentence expresses a complete thought. This is a notional definition: it 
defines a term by the notion or idea it conveys. The difficulty with this 
definition lies in fixing what is meant by a 'complete thought.' There are 
notices, for example, that seems to be complete in themselves but are not 
generally regarded as sentences: 
Exit, Danger, 50 mph speed limit.
"On the 
other hand, there are sentences that clearly consist of more than one thought. 
Here is one relatively simple example:
This week marks the 300th anniversary 
of the publication of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia 
Mathematica, a fundamental work for the whole of modern science and a key 
influence on the philosophy of the European Enlightenment. 
Jespersen's Definition of a Sentence: "Traditional attempts to define 
the sentence were generally either psychological or logical-analytic in nature: 
the former type spoke of 'a complete thought' or 
some other inaccessible psychological phenomenon; 
the latter type, following Aristotle, expected to find 
every sentence made up of a logical subject and 
logical predicate, units that themselves rely on the 
sentence for their definition. A more fruitful 
approach is that of Otto Jespersen (1924: 307), who 
suggests testing the completeness and independence 
of a sentence, by assessing its potential for standing 
alone, as a complete utterance."