«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

parts of the sentence, we differentiateelliptical and 
non-elliptical sentences. 
Generally, in all three compared languages 
sentences may be classified according to:

types of communication

structure. 
According to the types of communication 
sentence in compared languages are divided into:

declarative,

interrogative

imperative. 
A Declarative sentence states a fact in the affirmative or negative form. 
There are a number of difference between English and Russian, Uzbek 
negative sentences. An English sentence may have only one negation while 
the Russian sentence one may have more than one. 
(Nobody was late. – 
Никто неопоздал, Ҳеч ким кеч қолмади).
Similarly, there can be observed a 
list of the ways of expressing negation in all three compared languages: 
Means 
English 
Russian 
Uzbek 
1. Grammatical 
do+not 
не 
-ма 

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morpheme
I don’t go 
Я не пойду 
Мен бормайман 
2. Lexical units
Neither…nor 
It is neither 
good nor bad 
Не…не 
Это 
и 
не 
хорошо и не 
плохо 
Эмас, на …на 
Бу на яхши ва на 
ёмон 
3. Negative 
pronouns 
and 
adverbs 
Nobody, 
nowhere, 
never, none 
None of them is 
here 
Никто, нигде, 
никогда, 
ни 
один
Ни один из них 
не здесь 
Ҳеч ким, ҳеч 
қаер, ҳеч қачон, 
ҳеч бири 
Уларнинг 
ҳеч 
бири бу ерда 
эмас 
4. Phraseological 
units 
When 
Ethiopian 
changes 
his 
skin
Жди у моря 
погоды
Қизил 
қор 
ёққанда
5. Rhetoric 
questions
Whoever 
can 
win us?! 
Да кто может 
нас победить?! 
Ким ҳам бизни 
енга оларди?! 
The examples in the table can show some detailed difference in 
expressing the negation in compared languages. 
An Interrogative sentence asks a question. In English, there are four 
types of questions: general, special, alternative and disjunctive. (
Do you 
want…? Where do you want…? Do you want …or…? You want…, don’t 
you?)
. Russian interrogative sentence may be divided into 2 groups: 1) 
Interrogative sentence having no interrogative words, sometimes they may 
contain such particles as 
ведь, как, что, неужели, разве, ли,
and etc. In such 
cases, they differ from adeclarative sentence in intonation. (
Инженер поехал 
в Москву? Его здесь нет? Разве он вамписал? Неужели он ушел?
); 2) 
Interrogative sentences having interrogative words, such as
кто, что, куда, 
откуда, почему (Кто пришел? Что вы читаете?)
. Special attention must 
be paid to the indirect questions the rules of sequence of tenses must be 
observed. Uzbek interrogative sentences are also divided into 2 groups: 1) 
absolute interrogative sentences which require the answers 
(сиз эртага 
келасизми?)
; 2) rhetoric interrogative sentence with the obvious hidden 
answer in it (
Мен унинг тўсатдан келиб қолишини қаердан билай?! Бу 
ватанда нималар йўқ?! Ўзинган чиққан балога қайга борасан давога?! Бу 
нимаси?!). 
Imperative sentences serve to induce a person to do something. They 
express a command, a request, an invitation, a wish, a demand, and a call and 
so on. Declarative, interrogative and imperative sentences may be 
exclamatory when they express a strong emotion (happiness, delight, anger, 
etc). 
(What a lovely day it is! How wonderful!) (Москва как много в этом 
звуке…) (Аввал ўйла кейин сўйла!). 
There is no great difference of sentences in compared languages 
according to the structure sentences. Due to the grammatical structure, they 

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are divided into two-member and one-member sentences. A two-
member sentence has two members: the subject and the predicate. 
(Pete reads. 
Mary writes.)
A two-member sentence may be: complete and incomplete 2 
member sentences. The complete has both the subject and the predicate. The 
incomplete is a sentence then one of the principle parts or both of them are 
missing, but can be easily understood from the sentence. Such sentences are 
called elliptical. 
(Where are you going? – To the cinema.)
Elliptical sentences 
are usually met in colloquial speech and dialogues. A one-member sentence is 
a sentence, which has only one member, which is neither the subject nor the 
predicate. One member makes the sentence complete. One-member sentences 
are generally used in thedescription and in anemotional speech. If the main