Ingliz tili I fakulteti

Lecture 3. Mongol invasion and struggle against the Mongol yoke.

In the XI century, the Mongol tribes maintained strong tribal relations. The main occupations were cattle breeding, hunting and trading. During this period, tribal wars escalated. Temuchin won the internal struggle between the Mongol tribal leaders (1155-1227). In 1206, at the Kurultai of the Mongol tribal communities, held on the banks of the Onon river, Temuchin received the title of great Khan under the name of Genghis, and the foundations of the Mongol state were laid. Genghis Khan creates a large, well-armed, disciplined army and a personal guard of 10 thousand Turkic fighters-kezik (keshik) and begins preparing for warring wars.

In 1206, Temujin had conquered the Turkic tribe of the naimans. In 1207-1208, the Yenisei river basin was conquered, then the Northern part of Semirechye was conquered and the Uighurs were subordinated.

In 1211-1215, Genghis Khan made several trips to China, conquered the capital of the state of Jindi (Beijing), and destroyed the emperors of the Jin dynasty. The lands of Northern China were annexed to the Mongol state. Genghis Khan brought out of China, in addition to huge wealth and various weapons, master gunsmiths and craftsmen. Therefore, he equipped his army with the latest weapons for that time.

In 1218-1219, the Mongols occupied East Turkestan and Semirechye without much loss and destroyed the Nayman state of Kuchluk. Thus, the Mongols ruled the territory from the Eastern border of the Gobi desert to the Western spurs of the Tien Shan. The Western borders of the Mongolian state came into contact with the borders of the state of Khorezmshah Sultan Muhammad.